Preface:
TV play " rush barrier east " when the CCTV heat of prime time reflects , since in working hour, broadcasting with TV play to reflect time conflict , I have not seen yet , really regret. TV play whether furthest go up have reflected the great undertaking like this epic, I still dare not Wang speech, when having time to see , do appraisement again.
The Shandong person as a tunnel - - half peasant half cultural worker, hear me since childhood Lao the elderly in grandfather, mother and village say that in village, person rushes the story of barrier east - - young person is in the majority , general goes and lives with relatives and goes and lives with relatives to run friend, and it is eastern that my grandfather also rushes to pass a barrier. My grandfather will pass horse son( around face Yi dialect: Bandit ), have tied a lot of meat tickets:
In which, a teacher and a pair of twins child had been hidden into potato cellar, but return quilt grandfather a gang of give have sought to come out , they demand to want a considerable ransom , teacher can't take , as a result, child has been torn ticket. Then marquis, I have not seen the grandfather of surface for this one to hate enter bone.
Liberate the residence of future generations of civil administration to grab him , bandit boss takes having flown on the jar that fills with explosive for last day by oneself, my grandfather runs around Dalian to hide a time, afterwards, again but give dictatorship afterwards still after Yantai by government - - has taken the jail of some years, always is the grandmother of my bound feet gives to send meal. Afterwards, is about to have died , had been just released.
According to the person in village, it is some kinds of that saying that our that rushes the person of barrier east divide into: One is to kill a person to set fire , dozen domestic disaster houses are listed as wanted by various governments, as my grandfather, one meets calamity true work do not go down , one is prepared to start beautiful life, such person has the great aspiration of great ambition, the young person that rushes in village to close east has been thought that there is prospects, there is the future, seek daughter-in-law well , is natural, still having carry on a clandestine love affair or is dark and surely lifelong to run away.
Today accidental when 100 degree northeasts have seen some of articles , simple have narrated Shandong person to rush the sad melody of barrier east Qi sound, after seeing , mood can not be calm for a long time. As half cultural worker, can not record this past event with pen, I feel self-accusation deeply. If I still keep silent not language, is for ancestor despise. When this, I want to express me with brief few sentence words, is for the reverence of ancestors , change soul is peaceful:
Live to multiply
You use
It is little
Tolerance
Create the
Leave a story
Face you hold
I just know
You melt to
Seal when
Your wooden
Must May
Is buried
There is still
No matter
My great your
Die up
Go hell or heaven
Attach
Shandong person
Source:
Have been filled with legend color " rush barrier east " have been explained is the big act before the Chinese sky of modern history, Shandong person is the main force of this sport. There is this saying: " the Shandong immigrant for the most, 3 eastern provinces simply is the enlargement of Shandong province " . ..
Not unique
Go up must flow out people other native land, go to barrier east , its reason is complex undoubtedly. " rush barrier east " is long-standing, only this kind of and long-standing , make " rush barrier east " become the cultural tradition of the region that has" Shandong characteristic" gradually, when even Lu the earth Cheng biography, sediment and accumulation. The more this kind of traditional sediment is thick, the more " rush barrier east " Qu force winner, " rush barrier east " melt the more generally, this kind of region cultural tradition is the more massive, form one not unique as thread " the chain of cause and effect". In sticky eastern some regions, nearly, village, domestic home has to" rush barrier east", even the youth person in village does not go to close east to rush is regard as by town people to have no prospects. " rush barrier east " had been accepted as a kind of social custom extensively, this must say that is a kind of cultural phenomenon.
As the cultural tradition of a kind of region, " rush barrier east " deeply take root in the social contact of increasing enlargement. " rush barrier" flow out people general spring to go winter is , this is mainstream, but more and more flow out people when barrier east takes root ( clear generation and the Republic of China period amounts to to exceed 10 million ). This signifies blood relationship , land destiny relation extend the enlargement of and social relation. Barrier east is the second hometown of Shandong person , has their elders villager there. Once life is difficult or experience the person of natural disaster misfortune, they first think that" rush barrier east" , goes and lives with relatives and goes and lives with relatives to look for friend , to help. As light Xu first annual Shandong big dry, flow out people " bring along the old and the young , knot team in groups, appearance rate flees from famine receive , , , so as look for ancestral relatives and friends eat , is expected to open kind wasteland on different day also ". Such example has record in historical book , may also get ample verification from investigation information:
Case 1: Bank state city Pu urban and rural Li Zhen Jie oral account: " I birth in northeast new capital. My father borrows usury early in 1926, is northeast. Then my big grandfather when northeast works as a farm laborer to person, big mother is in native land. My father run my big grandfather goes. My father goes to Jinan first , takes train to go through mountain Customs to new capital , when a flour factory workmanship. It is married that my mother is also Shandong person , introduces in new capital by person to close with my father. Since then my village majority rush barrier east run my father goes. "
Case 2: Rich mood county woods oral account: " I 74 years old of this year, when rushing barrier east, it is 26 years old. At that time , there are father, mother and wife in home. Take train since opening shop, economic south and Tianjin arrive to receive day. Originally, it is carpenter at home , has sought carpenter trunk in there. I sink to study. What go together with me is my cousin elder brother , run in northeast aunt cousin to go. He goes early than me for more than one year, I study carpenter in native land with him. "
Case 3: Zou Ping Xian Sun Zhi country oral account: " 1945 father avoid day puppet army grabs soldier, bring my mother, older sister and me to flee from famine to Qingdao, then take ship to Dalian, the tile-roofed house shop that goes to Liaoning again settles. Stay in the grandfather in home , grandmother is taken care of by uncle. We go go to 1939 to go this northeast villager of a village dry port craftsman. "
Case 4: Face the horse mountain pass of Qu county of good fortune to state: " 1940 parents tape I and my older sister go 4 persons northeast. , , , it goes to uncle that we go to Shenyang. Uncle goes to northeast Shenyang in 1930, then he is just 16 years old, is tile wooden apprentice in the ironworks that a Japanese manages , the wages 15 Yuan per month. Uncle is away from Shenyang railway station the road in 15 in Shenyang emperor aunt village. After we get off , I according to address, spending the money of two Yuan have hired carriage to seek uncle. See uncle after, uncle cycling we receive his home. At that time, we are to live in a room with a Shandong fellow villager. "
Case 5: Lai Yang Xian Liu show off oral account: " I am 21 years old( 1938) one person goes to northeast Dalian. , , , I go to this village ginger blue father go , then he when Dalian dry carpenter, between us, cousin kisses relation, I ask to go , is northeast, he agrees very much. "
Case 1: Bank state city Pu urban and rural Li Zhen Jie oral account: " I birth in northeast new capital. My father borrows usury early in 1926, is northeast. Then my big grandfather when northeast works as a farm laborer to person, big mother is in native land. My father run my big grandfather goes. My father goes to Jinan first , takes train to go through mountain Customs to new capital , when a flour factory workmanship. It is married that my mother is also Shandong person , introduces in new capital by person to close with my father. Since then my village majority rush barrier east run my father goes. "
Case 2: Rich mood county woods oral account: " I 74 years old of this year, when rushing barrier east, it is 26 years old. At that time , there are father, mother and wife in home. Take train since opening shop, economic south and Tianjin arrive to receive day. Originally, it is carpenter at home , has sought carpenter trunk in there. I sink to study. What go together with me is my cousin elder brother , run in northeast aunt cousin to go. He goes early than me for more than one year, I study carpenter in native land with him. "
Case 3: Zou Ping Xian Sun Zhi country oral account: " 1945 father avoid day puppet army grabs soldier, bring my mother, older sister and me to flee from famine to Qingdao, then take ship to Dalian, the tile-roofed house shop that goes to Liaoning again settles. Stay in the grandfather in home , grandmother is taken care of by uncle. We go go to 1939 to go this northeast villager of a village dry port craftsman. "
Case 4: Face the horse mountain pass of Qu county of good fortune to state: " 1940 parents tape I and my older sister go 4 persons northeast. , , , it goes to uncle that we go to Shenyang. Uncle goes to northeast Shenyang in 1930, then he is just 16 years old, is tile wooden apprentice in the ironworks that a Japanese manages , the wages 15 Yuan per month. Uncle is away from Shenyang railway station the road in 15 in Shenyang emperor aunt village. After we get off , I according to address, spending the money of two Yuan have hired carriage to seek uncle. See uncle after, uncle cycling we receive his home. At that time, we are to live in a room with a Shandong fellow villager. "
Case 5: Lai Yang Xian Liu show off oral account: " I am 21 years old( 1938) one person goes to northeast Dalian. , , , I go to this village ginger blue father go , then he when Dalian dry carpenter, between us, cousin kisses relation, I ask to go , is northeast, he agrees very much. "
These example explanations and barriers are eastern , there are the social contact that not cut off in Shandong. The extension of social contact and the phenomenon " rush barrier east" melt generally is cause and effect mutual, it makes this kind of region cultural tradition " rush barrier east" have got deep realistic social foundation, at the same time, also make " rush barrier east " flow out people phenomenon have is few relatively comparatively " blindly " color.
" rush barrier
In middle period of 19 century, unlatched mountain Customs front door is wided open , flows out people tide to gush , it is turbulent to surge. Person is the carrier of culture and message, the flow of person is cultural flow actually. " rush barrier east" tide layer upon layer in, signify original text melts push forward massively to barrier eastern region, cultural exchange has also entered a new stage. If say ," close barrier" in the expression of cultural exchange of times is original text the "corrosion" of melting for full continent intrinsic culture, get to" seal to prohibit " is artificial to disturb , so, in is under open historical condition , original text melts the quick proliferation in barrier eastern region, " Xuan guest seizes God ".
Taiwan scholar Zhao Zhong Fu also discovers
Shandong village and Hebei village etc. are closing " Dong duplication " , actually in is original text the plane that melts transplant, together with number, take absolute advantage, they have ample reason to keep even Lu culture or swallow Zhao culture, " claim to assemble clan holds , its language customs one passes through as usual " is. They need not change self, cut foot suitable Lu, meet local social customs and religious belief , use local language writing, in some sense, this is the conservative doctrine on culture also. Zhao Zhong Fu has said so a words when mentioning the meaning of " rush barrier east ": " social meaning goes up , 3 eastern provinces are the enlargement of the agricultural society of North China basically, between both, allowing have geography distance , but have no obvious cultural difference. , no matter being in each aspect of language, religious belief, custom, clan system, ethics idea and economic behavior , it is similar between North China and 3 eastern provinces. Is most major, is 3 eastern provinces move Ken social member, have no since other the idea of cultural mother's body. " if the author has not twisted , Mr Zhao has expressed approximate view.
Face even Lu culture and swallow Zhao culture rush at surface come , barrier eastern culture is impossible to have no slightest vigilance , is also impossible to have no contradictory arising " earth guest" , carries as " Heilongjiang states summary ": " hire value to open up wasteland , straight Li , Shandong two provinces are many. After per value ice, suiting , receive lucky two provinces, know Qu pedestrian if weave , original inhabitants are quite deep and bad, follow matter Zhe appearance bully. " it is a example that Liaoning installs broad county," An Guang Xian native soil will " record: " county is do not treat after seting up former, Mongolia does not know to cultivate. Pupil capital herds to raise , it is a and desolate. Si come to boundary by Chinese people Ken kind, public flag has to obtain rent advantage. Ran since race is each different, spoken language is obstructed , love could not Jia consult , Mongolia bullies , , , , Dai light Xu 30 years, play accurate committee member Kan wasteland, recruit household territory. Guest people smells wind to, , , , Mongolia also gradually matter Jia Se. "
Say additionally according to investigation information: " when northeast Shandong person is many, 10s has 8 or 9, have gone before some few generations. Sometimes, children battle , giving birth in northeast child to scold Shandong the child that just goes is 'Shan Dong Bang Zi'. Household beats that to scold the child of person , says: 'Ni Ye Ye Ye Shi Shan Dong Ren'. "
Rush
Above modern
Source:
" above modern
Since ancient, Shandong person is the typical case of " install earth weight moves ". Population pressure and the person of natural disaster are ruined the policy guidance etc. of, full clear government have formed Shandong person to rush the external cause of barrier east , since more depths see , pass the avenue of Yantai since the cannon vehicle roller of French of 1860 years, 1895 years Japanese when Wei sea accepts the surrender of north foreign water teacher to ask writing , the armor war ship of German of 1897 years runs into sticky state gulf, , , facing the historical view of this curtain shame, the superior mood that Shandong person poses as with the town of sage had been diluted gradually, so, the consciousness of native soil begins to desalinize , risky spirit strengthens gradually. It is initial, rush barrier east flow out people general spring to go winter is , but more and more flow out people to begin when close eastern the earth take root.
It may divide into 3 periods if clear acting Shandong person rushes barrier eastern general interest: 1644 to 1667 year, the Qing Dynasty Ting promulgation " Liao Dong recruit people open up wasteland regulation ", stipulate " recruit to 100, Wen give to know county, force gives garrison " between, 23 years " Lu Min migrate northeast person a lot ", a lot of regions because of immigrant " favourable terrain big Bi, household benefit numerous breath "; 1668 to 1860 year, is to defend full continent intrinsic customs and the protective livelihood of the Eight Banners, Kang Xi 7 years Qing Ting orders " Liao east recruits people to give officer , compose forever to stop ", carry out for northeast to prohibit policy. At that time, around mountain Customs, time plants willow wall, it is intermediate to be linked with the rope, fully, continent soldier stations , guard strategic pass strictly there, do not allow Han people to close. But this kind of policy cannot prevent Shandong to rush barrier flow out people, flow out people right now " picul mentions basket, bring along the old and the young , or east happens Yu barrier, or take the sea-voyage eastward Bohai Sea, bee gushes ant assembles ", for a short while the footmark of Shandong person has steped vast barrier eastern the earth; In 1861 to 1911 year, after the Opium War, clear government controls increasing weakening for borderland, sand Russia corrodes Heilongjiang border constantly, clear government has accepted general of Heilongjiang special general Qin suggestion, formally lift a ban in salty plentiful decade( 1860) to put Ken, open unlatched front door, formal to flow out people to wide open , " 3 eastern open provinces set up to treat , satisfy as anger arrow when string, have the tendency that has to happen ". Accompany barrier eastern region open gradually, flow out people " close to seek a livelihood , day so as numerous ", increase seniority in year, Wei become grand sight, Shandong , straight Li flow out people even more " smell wind heel to ", " age unites to belong to road " make northeast become at last a " immigrant society ". According to estimate, Xuan Tong the( 1911) northeast of 3 years population the totally 18 persons of 410 thousand, in which, it is by Shandong to ask the persons of 10 million , Hebei and Henan province priority spontaneous gush enter flow out people, " in which with Shandong is most, it is 70% to 80 that contract takes. Deduce from this, clear generation Shandong moves to go northeast flow out people contract between 7000 thousand to 8000 thousand person ". Huge scale, may want to see.
Enter the Republic of China for period, Shandong person rushes barrier east to occur repeatedly climax, over the years enter the number number of barrier eastern region is different, but at least, it also has 4 years in time when 200 thousand exceeds million persons above person. Between the Republic of China 38 years, Shandong person rushes barrier eastern quantity to reach the in average annual persons of 480 thousand , total exceeds 18.3 million, according to road, the Shandong person who meets the research of Mr and reserves northeast except the people that return reaches 7920 thousand , " may calculate is the one of human biggest population move in history ", Cheng may be called " the former big act above modern history".
[ Shandong
Rush barrier
Article source:
" rush barrier east " is a very unique historical cultural phenomenon in the history of our country with huge influence , is also one unprecedented immigrant great undertaking in world history. Before two centuries, Shandong sends rare natural disaster repeatedly , compels in livelihood, even Lu the peasants on the earth push pushcart, choose burden , use own two legs, developing has made one to be filled with hard blood tear " rush barrier east " road.
It is this to
Shandong person " rush barrier east " history is long, however, the Shandong person that lives scattered in 3 northeast provinces keeps close contact normally with the home town and relative of native land, when life of native land of the masses has no whereabouts, the far Shandong person in different region alien land has become the hope of hometown person.
Then, Shandong land lose person is thick, it is also that the famous calamity on modern history sends district. It is settling generation , Shandong has arisen the drought of 233 years and the of waterlogging disaster of 245 years, Huang Yun Hong the calamity of 127 years, the tide calamity of 45 years, various natural serious calamities exceed other nation-wide each provinces. The enormous drought of Kang Xi of 4 years is the 107 state counties of whole province to have no as soon as have a narrow escape ," rough wood is all withered" , " person famishes ", " say starve Piao " and " person appearance meal " record flood big and small county annals. Not only natural disaster, it is come one after another also that person ruins. Salty bumper harvest year between, " Lu twist " , military, long gun meeting military, writing virtuous religion the revolt raging fires such as army temperature gets " Shandong the most rotten ", under the impact of natural disaster and chaos caused by war, the survival of Shandong person is faced with more stern situation. Barrier eastern broad person is rare , in Wo wild 1000, say according to the words on history records: " the sharp 3 that has nature: Yue wasteland, Yue mine, Yue salt. " barrier and Shandong in history east has close land destiny and the relation of relations with people, so flee from famine peasant " rush barrier east " have become mainstream.
It is outside that Shandong person arrives barrier, normally, inhabit a region together, to take care of mutually. Barrier east lives people is taking Manchu as main part, Manchu, the Mongol nationality and Korean clan etc. form the multinational minority nationality that coexists to inhabit a region district. The arrival of Shandong person has brought the local barrier eastern cultural arising and culture of the Han nationality to conflict and blend. Shandong person values own culture, the street or village that they will create frequently takes " well-known Shandong " the name of the village of native land, hope will new provincialism establishes. Along with the passing of time, the culture of two lands has gotten combination.
The relation between Shandong and northeast
" rush barrier east " is the helpless choice of ancestors , is also that they dare hit the true portrayal that dare put together. The history of " rush barrier east " is very sad and sad , is also very intrepid , is the strong song of self salvation and life continuity.
In those years, ancestors choose burden , cherish the heart for that life is filled with to fervently hope , leave the native place , is so is sad. It is this to go , some can not also return to hometown again, have not also seen the kinsfolk of hometown again. They tie hometown firmly, is carving at heart in memory , no matter go arrive where, will not forget; They still lead along soul dream Ying the story of hometown as well as the villager of home town say to grandchildren, let progeny know self since where come , their root when where.
To reappear , the solemn and stirring history of " rush barrier east " reveals the route of " rush barrier east ", discuss the specific background of " rush barrier east " , commemorate that history that is hard to forget , seek root to lose the kinsfolk of contact , live to announce joint Shandong business newspaper , Liao Shen evening paper, new cultural newspaper, peninsula morning paper and 100 clever nets, 4 provinces" the 5 a nets that announce " joint initiation , start " Shandong, northeast a kiss " large scale investigation interview campaign.
This campaign will be one grand meeting that my province creates with Shandong province, Jilin province, 5 Liaoning province mainstream newspapers and a large scale comprehensive portals alliance, it is historical to trace back for the first time " rush barrier east " , the probe cultural combination of two places , seek root for the northeast person of Shandong of original family home.
If your side has same year to" rush barrier east" person or you are their future generationses, ask the story of knowing you to tell us; If your clan also has therefore loses the kinsfolk of contact, may also tell us, we few unite to move media will seek for you to kiss , seek root, carry Shandong person for you to" rush barrier east" story.
没有评论:
发表评论