The composition principle of garden green land

Characteristic and the( Yi) gardenComposition the meaning of combination, contact and layout. The garden composition of green land is to make up garden material essential factor( include material, space and time) by order under the condition of project and technical, economic possibility , and contacts closely with surroundings , makes whole coordinate , gets the creative skill France that the form America of green land unifies highly with content , is also program layout.The content of garden green land( nature and function use) is the basises of the garden composition form America of green land, time, space and the material of the garden construction of green land are composition material foundations. The composition of garden green land different general plane composition, it has the characteristic of self.( 2) garden the1, garden is aThe garden composition of green land is to design with the space environmental program with natural America of feature , is absolutely not simple plane composition and upright surface composition. Therefore the garden composition of green land will be been good at using topography, landform, natural scenery and forestation plant , and is outdoor space mainly again with the environmental creation landscape that indoor space permeates mutually.2 , garden greenGarden America is naturally American, life American, architectural America , draw the synthesis of American, literature America, it is to have got natural America with natural America for feature, there are just vitality, especially natural type garden in garden green land, is more outstanding and naturally beautiful. Therefore, garden green land has the aid of its various image artistic reinforced artistic expression forces frequently.3, the garden compositionThe essential factor of the garden composition of green land as the landscape of garden plant, mountain and water etc. between at any time , season changes. Spring, summer, autumn and winter plant scenery have characteristic each , make landscape change infinite. As the Beijing park of Fragrance Hill, throughout the year, scenery is not identical each.4, the garden compositionThe natural condition of different region is not identical as each not identical, its natural landscape of sunshine, temperature, humidity and soil, garden green land can only according to local conditions, with tendency, make scene, scene happens because of boundary.( 3) garden the1, the garden composition of green land should determine theme thought first, Yi when pen first, must still unify with the practical function of garden green land to determine its facility and form according to function use and the nature of garden green land.2 , will carry out composition3 according to function, carry out zone and each district to each has a role to play , scenery zone will have characteristic each, it is zero to melt , there is garden in garden, support mutually to again want many shape unifications , separate to again contact, it is disorderly to avoid.4, each garden will have characteristic5, want base shape landform characteristic , combine6 , will have poem feelings to draw Yi, it is the one of characteristic of the garden art of our country. Poem and drawing, the natural America in realistic scenery, refinement goes up for artistic America, is poem feelings and picturesque scene. Garden makes scene, want the America in this kind of art , move poem and picturesque scene to return into realityThe basic lawIt is preceding to mention requirement and the[ unification[ balance[ proportion and[ space[ return ]( Yi)The unified change of garden composition shows frequently specifically, is being compared and harmonized , meter in verse, principal and subordinate and the aspects such as focal point, contact and separation.1, contrastIt is a important tactic of artistic composition to contrast and harmonize , it is to utilize the certain a factor in layout( as body quantity and color etc.), the different discrepancy of two degrees gets the expression form of different artistic effect , or says that is to use the expression tactic of person that illusion comes to set off mutually , the expression of remarkable discrepancy degree name contrast, can compare each other , set off mutually , stress own characteristic more distinctly; Discrepancy degree less expression is called as to harmonize , makes harmonious of each other , contacts mutually , produces complete effect. Garden scenery will be beged in contrast to harmonize , is beged in harmonizing to contrast , makes landscape rich and colorful, lively, again stress theme, style is coordinated.The tactic of contrast: The contrast of vivid contrast, the contrast of body quantity, the contrast of direction, the contrast opened to close, the contrast of light and shade, the contrast of actual situation, the contrast of color and quality sense.2 , theThe rhythm of meter in verse is certain in artistic expression a factor does have the repetition of law, there is the change of organization. Repetition is the necessary condition that gets meter in verse , has only simple repetition and lack has the change of law , makes one feel monotonous, dull , so, the rhythm of meter in verse is the one of unified important tactic of garden artistic composition many shapes.There are the rhythm method of meter in verse of many garden compositions of green land, common have: The meter in verse of simple meter in verse, gradual change and the meter in verse superseded , rise and fall winding meter in verse , draft form meter in verse and staggered meter in verse.3 , principal( 1) GodMain and subordinate body or the major part in garden layout is to use by function to ask decision normally , from plane layout, see that major part becomes the major layout center of whole garden frequently, less important part becomes less important layout center, less important layout center has relative independence , and wants subordinate major layout to be central to be able to contact mutually , echoes mutually.The processingA, organize axis: Main part is located in majorB with contrast tactic,( 2) focalKey handling is used in the main and major part of garden scenery frequently, in order to make it more outstanding. Key handling can not be too much , in order to avoid that flow is fussy, can not stress focal point on the contrary.General processingA with key handling, come to stress the important part of expression garden function and artistic content , make form express content more strongly. Such as major entrance, important landscape, road and square.B with key handling, come to stress theC with key handling, break monotonous, reinforced change or get certain decoration effect, if when big flat meadow and water face minute, it is on edge or topography complications rise and fall place does key handling.4, contactGarden green land is from some function use local composition or the space with different requirement, there is necessary contact and separation between them, a garden is indoor as constructing , also have the problem of contact and separation between garden. The contact in garden layout and the separation means of making them become the whole of a perfect and organizing different material, part, bodily form and space are also that garden gets the one of means of unification and change in layout. Show in some following aspects:( 1) garden separationSeparation and the contact of space combination and the bodily form of garden scenery, depending on function mainly the requirement of use, as well as the garden established on this foundation the requirement of artistic layout, for the effect of geting in touch arranging certain axis to form with corresponding relation frequently between relevant garden scenery and space mutual is is for scene or echo, use window etc., road, step, gear earth wall, water surface, fence, bridge, colored frame, corridor, architectural door and the trees planting, earth mound in garden as the component of contact and separation. Building between indoor outside contact and separation, use the architectural handlings such as door, window, empty corridor, colored frame, water and mountain stone frequently, lead into building garden, sometimes, it is indoor to also lead into outdoor green land consciously, enrich indoor landscape.( 2) upright surfaceUpright surface separation and the contact of landscape, stand to reach surface the purpose with complete landscape. Some garden sceneries since make hardworking can ask difference, the part that forms personality complete difference causes not complete effect easily ,such as building building under natural mountain shape, stand if not consider two surface separation and the contact on landscape, often look very stiff.Separation is since function or artistic requirement divides whole , is some and local , contact is since function or artistic some parts form a whole. Contact and separation are the one of important means of geting the perfectly unified whole of garden layout. Downstairs, picture shows: Both is separation and is contact.Above-mentioned contrast and harmonize , meter in verse, principal and subordinate and focal point , contact and separation are unified in garden layout the means with change, it is also unified and change in garden layout the expression of each aspect. Harmonize in these means , the means that principal and subordinate and contact beg to unify frequently in change, and contrast, focal point and separation are more the means that beg to change in unification. The various means of these all unifications and changes at the same time exist frequently in garden layout, interact , must comprehensively, instead of utilize above-mentioned means in isolation, then can get the effect of changing and unifying. Besides, each partial handlings of garden layout tactic should consistency.( 2) balanceSince garden scenery is the weight sense that so often shows difference by the entity of certain body quantity and different material composition, discussion is balanced, is to get the complete and safe sense of garden layout with steady principle. The relation on the whole stabilized to denote garden layout that takes off weight, balance denotes the relative relation of part and the part in garden layout , is for instance left and is right, it is former and rear weight relation.1, itIn garden layout, ask the body quantity relation of garden scenery to accord with the concept of balanced stabilization that people form in daily life, so move except few tendency makes scene outside( as steep cliff and cliff etc.), general artistic composition makes great effort balance. Balance may divide into symmetrically balanced and asymmetrical balance.( 1) symmetrySymmetrical layout has definite axis , is symmetrical around axis. Symmetrical balanced layout gives person seriously tight whole feeling frequently, in the garden green land of regular type, it is more to adopt , such as memorial garden, former public architectural yard forestation, sometimes when some departments of gardening bureau also utilize.The symmetrically balanced little symmetrical arrangement to pond, flower bed, sculpture and the symmetry of two side of trip tree is constructed to entire garden green land , the symmetrical layout of road. The scenery of symmetrical balanced layout is often stiff and not cordial.銆€( 2) asymmetricalIn the layout of garden green land, accomplish absolutely symmetrical form because of restricting by the various complex conditions such as function, composition part and topography and doing not often also have no necessity very much , is adopting the tactic of asymmetrical balance frequently under this kind of condition.The arrangement of asymmetrical balance will synthesize to judge that garden green land forms the body quantity feeling of essential factor that actual situation, color, quality sense, density, line, bodily form and quantity etc. produce to person, must avoid to consider the composition of plane merely.The arrangement of asymmetrical balance little is to grove , break up to put mountain stone and natural pond; It is to the layout of entire garden green land and scenic district. Give person with the feeling of relaxed, free, lively change. So extensive application in swim normally the natural type garden green land of breath.StabilizeIn garden layout, denote garden architectural, mountain stone and garden plant etc. steadily on the next, relation of the weight sense that presents. On garden layout, often adopt the following big method of reducing upward gradually on body quantity to get steady solid sense , as cabinet and the tower in the classic garden of our country; Additionally on garden architectural and mountain stone handling, also get steady sense frequently using the different weight sense that material and quality give person , as the base in building department wall surface the surface of multi-purpose thick stone and deep color comes to handle , and the part of upper levels brings the earth mound of stone with the more smooth material of shallower color, in earth mountain , also often installs mountain stone in the part of the foot of a mountain and gives person in order to be steadily.Such as 2 right銆€( 3) proportionThere are certain proportion and yardstick relation between them from the compositions such as garden plant, garden architectural, garden road place, garden water body, mountain and stone in garden green land.Proportion contains both meanings: On the one hand, denote width and the length of the certain local component of garden scenery, architectural whole or them between , is high big and small relation; On the other hand, it is garden scenery , building whole and part , between or part and part the big and small relations of space physique and body quantity.( yardstick is scenery , building overallYardstick and the proportionThe big and small discrepancies of garden are great. Cheng virtue is away for the summer the imperial gardens such as mountain villa and the Summer Palace are the garden with great area , in which, the specification of building are also great; Su , Hang , the personal home forests such as Guangdong, scale is little , is constructed , landscape sticks out frequently using proportion so as is little to see big effect.( 4) analogyGarden art can not be directly described or carve the figure in stroke life with the specific image of incident, with the tactic of analogy association of ideas, look more important. In garden composition with the method of analogy association of ideas, it is some kinds of that having is as follows:1, summarize the disposition of well-known mountain big river , imitate natural scenery scenery , create the artistic conception of " very close mountain forest " , make one have the feelings of " real mountain real water " , associate well-known mountain big river and natural famous scenic spot, if handling is proper, the hill little aquatic product that makes one face garden livelihood a " summit too China 1000 seeks , a spoon in the 10 thousand of towns and villages all over the country " association of ideas, this is with manpower wonderful workmanship excelling nature " do holiday really ".The garden of our country has the place of originality on imitating natural scenery tactic, is good at to synthesize to utilize space organization, scale degree and color quality sense , visual perception receives etc., make Wang Ma computer company's software central stone the feeling of a summit, make the scattered mountain stone put have the feeling of flat hillock chain of mountains, make pool water have do not let Yi, just like traditional Chinese painting " Yi go to pen do not arrive ", unite to person appearance have no to study.2 with feature and the attitude of plant, produce analogy association of ideas to person with different influence. If " pine, bamboo and plum " is known as " the cold 3 of year-old friend ", " Mei Lan bamboo chrysanthemum " is known as" 4 gentlemen" , utilize properly in garden green land , increase artistic conception.3, utilize the analogy association of4 , ruins visit5, scenery is autographed to inscribe to chant the horizontal inscribed board of antithetical couplet , rub the analogy association of ideas produced by precipice stone engraving. Autograph and inscribe to chant , inscribe the artistic effect that poem can enrich the association of ideas of people and raises scenery sight-seeing.4 following landscapes,( 5) spaceSpace organization and the garden composition of green land are closely related , there are indoor, outdoor minute in space, construct design to notice the organization of indoor space , construct the crowd and garden program designs of green land , notice that the infiltration of outdoor space is transitional.The purpose of the garden space organization of green land is when satisfaction makes hardworking can foundation go up, with the law of various artistic compositions, create outstanding theme, again having the garden scenery of change is to create good scenery according to the visual property of person to view and admire condition secondly , make certain scenery get in certain space, is good to view and admire effect, proper handling is viewed and admired and the relation of scenery.1, regard the( 1) open openThe space of person that is higher than the scenery of four weeks in accordance with flat line is open open space, it is optimistic scenery to open the scenery seen in open space. Open open space, line of vision may extend infinite far place, line of vision is parallel and forward , vision is not fatigable.( 2) close lockThe space of person that line of vision is sheltered from by the protective screen of four weeks is to close to lock space , it is to close the top of lock scenery and the thing of protective screen to close to lock the scenery seen in space the angle that becomes with visitor line of vision exceeds , is big, close lock recovers winner, recover otherwise into angle is little, close lock also recovers is little, it is little that this is also away from concerning the distance of scenery with visitor, close lock is the more strong, distance is the more big, close lock is the more little. Close to lock scenery , the influence force strong scenery of close shot of four weeks may be colorful and plentiful , but it is exhausted to grant easy sense inaccessible, easy sleep for a long time.( 3) depthIn long and narrow space, if road, river and valley have the sceneries such as architectural, dense forest and massif both side to stop line of vision , this long and narrow space calls depth space, the attention of line of vision very nature have been guided the end points of axis, this kind of scenery lets to assemble scene.The space composition in garden does not be unilaterally emphatic and optimistic , does not be also unilaterally emphatic to close lock. In same garden, it will have optimistic part , will also have to close the part of lock , it is optimistic and close lock comprehensive application in, drive have to suit in, suit have open, two coexist to complement each other.2, space demonstratesScenery line of vision is tight appearance contact, ask to have the arrangement of drama, the rhythm like music has scene, climax and knot scene space , and has transitional space , makes space primary and secondary distinct, it is proper to drive, close and assemble , big and small yardsticks are suitable.3 , theSpace turn has to turn and postpone urgently the minute that turns. In regular type garden space, use frequently to turn urgently, as the intersection in the associate axis and line of main shaft. In natural type garden space, use frequently to turn slowly, turning slowly have transitional space ,such as seting the transition of empty corridor and colored etc. between indoor outside space.Two space separations have the empty minute that is and really divide. It is not large that two spaces disturb , must intercommunicate breath person may be empty to divide , wait if use sparse forest, empty corridor, leakage window and water surface. Two space functions are different , sound difference and style difference suitable really divide , may use dense forest and mountain Fu , building , really wall separation. Empty minute is to turn slowly, it is to turn urgently to really divide.