See by chance< xml:namespace prefix=st1 ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/>< personname w:st=on productid=鏈卞缓瀹?Zhu< personname/>Teacher when Han Dan< personname w:st=on productid=鏈?Zhu< personname/>Teacher gives us when attending class
Content:
Chinese modern- -Unification
A, some basic
銆€銆€1, garden: No correspondingGarden) andPark) general
銆€銆€2, scenery( Landscape): Original finger is created in period17Taking the meaning of a word in century to enlarge
銆€銆€3, scenery( Landscape Garden/Park): Refer18Century with English initiation draw with the natural view scene of soft breeze for the garden form that original version designs. Now, it is various to make a general reference of include the traditional garden of China with the garden form with natural scenery of theme.
銆€銆€4, scenery( Landscape Achitecture): Is engaged in the profession
5, landscape( Landscape Achitecture): Scenery and the way of observing general
About noun definition problem, always dispute
2, Chinese modern
In front of huge market, Chinese designer universal existence worries the thought of merit near advantage, as the tradition of eastern and western or modern scenery garden theory and the research of practice stay only, are using for me , the simple external expression copied is nominal, and so asVarious empty( the difference doneCause landscape to design theoretical research Kui is short of , design market the phenomenon of boastful wind overflow. Get up briefly, Chinese modern scenery garden design has some following major cruxes:
銆€銆€1, borrow the name
As soon as ecological word appears in large quantities in design explanation and the language of way of talk of Chinese designer, however, the knowledge of people for ecological theory is very fuzzy and extremely shallow , equates ecology in garden forestation or construction wetland etc.. It is that the scenery works of garden design embodiment ecological principle violate the on the contrary ecological design case of ecological principle very less, to bend ten.
Ecological a word is first when is most " ecology has biological research between environment and biology and biology the biology branch subject of correlation. " " " ecology with " biology " is different, it is not a object , but is concerning biology is variousThe sum, when using alone actually,( ecological)", can not consider as "ecology"
Pay attention: Ecology is the sum of a kind of relation , is not the green that ordinary people thinks , environmental protection , healthy natural environment. If some businesses of real estate hit ecological person a banner, advocate what city forestry and natural wetland etc. , do not readily believe. Wool happens , is with sheep , build the silver of these expensive landscapes , may happen on the we head of common people.
銆€銆€2, borrow the name
As soon as natural word also appears also frequently in the speech of Chinese designer, however, the knowledge of people for nature is also same and fuzzy and is shallow. Naturally, landscape type and natural cultural feature are low in the position in the mind of Chinese designer , are plenty of forestations only and curved line style just, impose in the on the contrary natural design case of law on nature is all right its road.
What is Why now each go to a city, what see is the building as the same street, nature gives initially, can not really coexist with human city with the hardships landscape river of rain and dew of mankind? Reality is , landscape designer good intention manages bad thing. The construction of landscape should be protruding to show local peculiar environment. Nature is width Wei, how to coordinate with the yardstick of human campaign make one experience nature , are just that design should be done. River and the mountain body in city must be stressed as main part. Compare under, let the symbol of political achievements of the people's square etc. and building of municipal government lean backward.
銆€銆€3, borrow the name
As soon as "landscape" word had been speculated in large quantities, had been regarded as to be higher than the design category of scenery garden. However, the most designers think absurdly that landscape is garden forestation+Hard landscape so causes the artificial scenery in design works to pile up in large quantities , the expensive China of fabrication cost not really strange phenomenon, have wasted the plenty of manpower material resources, even as valuable natural resource of financial resources to encounter serious damage.
銆€銆€4, so as to artificial
Since Chinese designer thinks for the ideological wrong knowledge " found on people " that" found on people ", is to stress the artificialness of design, put design focal point in the human nature of garden design therefore to melt aspect, instead of emphatic natural landscape, embody for human cost. Together with knowledge and the research for human nature, deficiency causes craftsman air to be real , grotesque of fantastic in shape or appearance , spread excessively , luxury luxurious design style becomes fashion.
Make the investigation of present
銆€銆€5, borrow the name
Culture is that the one of key natural culture that how to embody the present age that scenery garden design will show becomes the direction of countries scenery garden teacher research. However, the understanding of Chinese designer for culture is very shallow , is fond of in the table elephant that comes with the way of symbol and diagram to reflect various cultures, lack appropriate expression and the deep understanding for the natural scene garden cultural intension of soft breeze , cause the coarse cultural and design works that have no culture to emerge in large quantities.
Is judged from function and landscape effect! Brag who metropolis. Is from a drop water association of ideas to sea , associate life affairs again to change irregularly , is even the thing of universal symbiosis etc., put still when in Xuan unreal novel, do not impose again to garden too many meaning.
銆€銆€6, borrow the name
Chinese designer is fond of very much in discussion composition and forms , for the western research of modern scenery garden design works, analysis also leaves mostly from the angle that forms , know for its origin and development is very few. Show to form scenery garden design understanding for plane , pursue the sense of beauty of composition and decorate effect, have overlooked space moulds the research of and visual effect, the design general mood of causing formalism is current.
Structure and the level of understanding
Cause the reason of above-mentioned phenomenon, lie in Chinese modern scenery garden teacher when follow the step of westerner with great efforts to also walk also tend to , but on philosophy for design and design tactic, again run in the opposite direction with the development tendency of the West. Study its reasonOn the one hand, Chinese modern scenery garden design lacks successful theory may directly pass with practice Cheng, on the other hand, again lack deep knowledge for international philosophy for design and development tendency, make landscape
The construction of many rapid good provinces is asked , the design people of relative scarcity , is eager for quick success and instant benefit business behavior and unseasonable propagative speculation, cause boastful affected design general mood. Its result is Chinese scenery garden teacher or so asFussy composition, disorderly material; OrVague and general concept, shallow, make landscape
Along with scenery gardenChinese scenery design reality has become a kind of destructive construction behavior, plenty of artificial landscapes the serious damage that causes natural landscape and the expensive cost of construction management. Chinese designerNaturally, landscape is in the development process in unceasing development that scenery garden design must blend in natural landscape. The essence of scenery garden design is the development process that changes natural landscape.
This teacher sentence words describe is really good. The very natural landscape is changing constantly , ecology lesson has studied plot go to lush vegetation from wasteland , go to desolate evolution process again, if be able to show this kind of natural succession process, our landscape is growth. For example, a child who leaves hometown sees again after many years when returning that the sapling length on square is set up , sparse forest meadow has become dense forest , should have many deep feelings. Hard landscape can only change old , become have dark blue mulberry quality sense, plant then can be grown up together with us, witness is historical.
Therefore for scenery garden design, actually, there is the two attitudes of the opposition of each other: Or terminate original landscape development process, it is acting in order to be new to develop way; Or blend in original landscape development process , design scheme to contain the motive power of landscape development. Before Chinese landscape designer adopts generally, a kind of attitude or the development of natural landscape has encountered serious damage before process. Under this conditionThe priority task of scenery garden
In childhood most like one in little garden on me class hour had been taken apart completely, I think of a big silk tree in garden very much, because it has my most beautiful recollections of childhood. If landscape can continue should be good , now my childhood had been choped by the waist to break. It is this meaning , is not to can not change to retain the original most excellent part , does not be as the peasant revolt army in history , once establishment regime, disregarding all things with remained temperature.
When scenery garden design reform the existing ideological guidance of place landscape with ideal landscape pattern take off, designer usually regards as place only carrier or the interface of a kind of neutral, being on the scene arrange subjectiveness on the ground at will or personalized scenery, over impose personal subjective wishes presently. Place is so in passive position, suit only to bear people some intention or built-in ideological system. Though such design method can also produce peculiar landscape, is total it is incompatible with region landscape , becomes isolated landscape entity.
Attend< personname w:st=on productid=鏈?Zhu< personname/>Teacher dozen say: Make up shop reforms every
Is beauty the same , still have beauty if being gold completely to like good and world? Also, if be the Summer Palace all, we are still willing to go to park? The estimate of tourist industry will be also gone bankrupt.
How to do? Excavate plot feature, according to local conditions. The educational way that suits to every child gives each piece ofly suitable transformation scheme. What we need is that it is each, instead of certain one. Very simple a word, do is hard always.
It is lost that this kind of scenery garden design thought has been short of for natural landscape or naturally, the ecological harm that already causes not quite sensitive section is still not very serious , is the disappearance of original natural landscape type simply, use with expensive construction administration fee just; But utilize in naturally ecological relatively sensitive region, this design tactic is very dangerous , it has not only destroied original natural resource and landscape type, and new design causes maintenance because of being hard to resist natural strength is maximum and difficult as managing.
3, international
The essence of scenery gardenThe most important. Is here , "land" remember with gratitude should not understand narrowly is geographical , topography studies or the place of ecology, it is the place that people may see or feel to should not also reduce , and should contain the aspect of entire world material and form.
As the tutor of the author,Landscape design will follow". Place and itsThe landscape resource of dominance or recessiveness, usually, need to reuse or adjust direction , then can make coordinating between each scenery consistent. It is most ideal , the most moving design make the landscape harmony of entire region coexist.
Excavate place feature, this is just the biggest characteristic that designer distinguishes in kind tree worker. It can be sharp to grasp place characteristic and the person of displaying it is just good designer.
Modern scenery garden design and traditional garden design are completely identical in principle , are , is the renovation behavior that feature carries out with spatial motion and the landscape resource of place and area. The differences of traditional garden design and and modern scenery garden lie in people for nature accept to know that scope is being expanded constantly , when person the relation with nature is changing constantly , as well as knowledge and the understanding for the concepts such as landscape, space, yardstick and sport are going deep into constantly.
International modern scenery
銆€銆€1, is taking
What modern scenery garden design pursue is decreasing
It is changed at all that along with the increasing deterioration of human survival environment and the serious degeneration of natural ecosystem, western society knows with natural relation for person and has occured. Mankind becomes one of nature since in the past as the dominator of nature, transforming now into Yuan. And this appearance adaptive isScenery garden teacher will now incline. Traditional garden has been regarded as mankind for conquest nature show off , it is person with natural role is competing mutually , the wasteland that appears in city has been regarded as the decline of human conquest natural ability. When people know , plant colleague will move constantly as kind in developing process, nature will become wasteland with various ways various move plants competitively afterwards, wasteland becomes the one of hot landscape type of scenery garden demonstration.
銆€銆€2, is taking
The one of important meaning of ecology, lie
For scenery garden design, have landscape element is also correlative. It is the same that designing like plant graft , if stock , receive ear of grain and the method of grafting to wait for that choice is unsuitable, it is very difficult successfully to graft. Is same, if scenery garden teacher removes some landscape elements at will in designing , or have destroied the contact way between each landscape element , may influence the landscape general layout of the former intricate link of each other on a lot of layers of surface very much. If be former to state , this kind of design tactic is still not very serious for the aftermath that not causes natural environment, only is the disappearance of original landscape type just. However, for being those, it is key natural environment with biology, such scenery garden design scheme will cause the evil consequence that destroies nature , and design is hard to also get success after, implement forced or encounter the exclusion of original scenery, or cost is expensive.
銆€銆€3, is taking
銆€銆€Region landscape denotes the sum of a region natural landscape and historical writing pulse, including in the humanity landscape legacy etc. formed by nature the natural landscape resource condition as well as human role that climate characteristic, topography landform, hydrogeology and animals and plants resource etc. form. The main idea of scenery garden design will reappear the region landscape feature of this area, include natural landscape and humanity landscape.
In certain region, between every landscape element of each other contact mutually, and with the natural and humanity feature of around, form the landscape type that people observe. Landscape design should since go to a area , little representingly feature and the natural and humanity landscape type of around leave , construct the landscape type of suitable local nature and humanity condition fully using local unique natural and artificial landscape element , as well as meet the observation of local life custom and use the way of landscape. Scenery garden teacher should be firm "perfectionist" and "Extend", the landscape that should not satisfy
銆€銆€< personname w:st=on productid=鏈?Zhu< personname/>Teacher view we do not stare at only one that will be designed little piece land, to extend as far as possible, the relation that finds the city mountain body, river, city architectural street etc. and plot of present situation will be rational to start with , comb natural feature and nature to give echo with human material. Upstairs, the expansion doctrine said is this meaning.
4, is taking
Any place has the landscape resource of plenty ofFor the ability of observing. Scenery garden teacherCollect the various messages, will the importantRefineAnd utilize in design.Foresee the, throughout make clear the processForesight is.
銆€銆€Observation - - collects message - -
Besides, often arise such condition, is people think at first that there are problem needs the place of renovation, actually , have no big problem, and problem happens very probably in somewhere else.The place of the conversion. ThereforeExcellent scenery garden teacher often. What is regretful is that Chinese scenery garden teacher has been accustomed to in headache first doctor , foot aches the way of handling of medical foot, always from the very place renovation leave , the presently central scenery of plenty of arrangements puts various inferior sceneries to be on the scene , is extraterrestrial to surround.
銆€銆€ Boundary is most important , most produces the place of contradictory conflict easily. Design may produce matter well the effect of half merit time, design not can make landscape area lose the contact of each other well.
5, is taking
Landscape is that by entity and space, two parts forms , space is the core of scenery garden design. Have scenery to belong to the certain space system that is linked each other closely , and separate landscape space and entity district with this. The property of space comes from the correlation of this space and other spaces. In a space, inside still has some inferior spaces continuously with the words with the boundary of this space of reference , and contacts with its inferior boundary. Therefore scenery garden design can not destroy various landscape boundaries easily in the existent form in space.
Landscape space has certain development ability and them with some way and neighbors space common existence , same had been appreciated , form some space joint body. Horizon is the boundary of landscape space, as observation the sport of person, it also when move constantly to change. Therefore, scenery garden design will not only pay attention to the very space, should pay attention to the contact way between this space and periphery space,One space goes to neighbors space with what kind of way conversion? Then, do you go to next neighbors space again with what kind of way conversion? As this from near to is far, arrive distant horizon gradually, so form the overallness of the organic contact between each other landscape.
銆€銆€6, is taking
The design tactic ofThe essential feature of outstanding. Condensation should be the one of basic principle of scenery garden design, condensation tactic at least includes the content of 3 aspects: One is the condensation of design method, requirement for place study conscientiously, with minimum; 2 is the condensationIt is, show the most majorDesign the, ask the writing pulse,Decreasing for.The most excellent design.
International scenery garden designers more and more incline renovate space with the method of condensation, as father says ,: Having no is invariably is. It is the space of place that actually , no one has no , it is developing also , possesses some attraction also. Minimum bad space may also have some positive aspects to some extent. Chinese scenery garden teacher should emphasize the design style of condensation more , does not change space easily , and should know and demonstrate the character feature of space fully.
4, Chinese modern
It may be copied that though, Chinese modern scenery garden design still lacks the experience of systematic theory and success, but the development of Chinese modern scenery garden can not rely on to plagiarize the works of international scenery garden great master , can not be also raw to move the garden form of hard set Chinese tradition; Should study western scenery garden further with the place in Chinese traditional garden masterpiece Yun the essential feature of containing. Can sayDesign the Chinese localization, it is shortcut and
Chinese rich natural landscape resource and outstanding garden cultural heritage are the valuable wealthes of modern scenery garden teacher. In which Yun naturally cultural theory that contains and reappear the tactic of region landscape, is worth for us to study and refer to conscientiously , and link up in practice. Actually, modern international scenery garden design great master invariably in since practice and theory of predecessors have absorbed plenty of philosophy for designs and inspirations. For Chinese tradition garden, it has tactic and theory of a lot of very rich modern meanings to be worth for modern scenery garden teacher to inherit and develop.
銆€銆€1, day person
Nature is scenery garden design is inexhaustible , use inexhaustible source. The day that Chinese traditional garden pursues person a thought that join , lie in quest person the harmony with nature coexists. Naturally, culture is the key place of essential part of Chinese garden. Claim is though done by person , Wan drive from day, it is to emphasize that make garden according to natural objective law, wantTaking natural scenery as main. The development tendency of this and international
銆€銆€2, according
The one of main idea of scenery garden design lies in to use humanity landscape resource and the natural landscape of region fully, reappear region cultural characteristic and the natural landscape type of region. As western traditional garden, Chinese traditional garden also reappear the example of homeland natural landscape typical feature. The research in-depth for region landscapeAccordingLand construction the landscape type of suitable big environment, it is the prerequisite of modern scenery garden design , is also the place that embodies its landscape characteristic. But key lies in to inherit according to local conditions thought, instead of the very form of scenery garden.
銆€銆€3, skilful because
Chinese traditional garden with natural scenery is rely on , wait for tactic through borrowing scene and metaphor will garden scenery contacts with periphery landscape, the role of playing the part of to enlarge space effect makes each permeate mutually between space , echoes each other , forms whole. Modern scenery garden design also asks will place is taking region space as design scope, regard horizon as the combination of region landscape, emphatic scenery garden design and the reference of space, this and traditional garden pursuit the infinite outside space whole that prolong do not plan suit.
銆€銆€4In , little
Chinese traditional garden is in relatively narrow space , have the aid of the far-reaching effect of contrast, outstanding three dimensional space and reinforced space , adopt annular swim line forms the scattered some line of vision of view point , avoid general survey to have no is surplus to force the type arrangement of scenic spot, as well as it draws the line of vision of person to the tactics such as sky , reaches the purpose that enlarges space sense , gets the effect of shake popular feeling if having the aid of mountain body and roof to rise rise. This for modern scenery garden design quest show in limited space broad Mao the tactic of region landscape feature do not have no enlighten.
銆€銆€5, comfortable
Garden is that the most ideal person of human pursuit holds environmental outcome, create more comfortable pleasant stingy time environment , is to enjoy the prerequisite of garden life delight. The mountain reason of layer upon layer of garden water, plant disposition and pavilion corridor found , and even city layout, consider to how to construct comfortable pleasant stingy time environment using natural climate condition in garden greatly. It is very important to design basis that in modern scenery garden design, smooth shadow, air current, temperature and humidity etc. influence the climate factor of the comfortable degree of human body.
銆€銆€6, step by step
Between artificial environment andChinese traditional garden is built in the city environment of artificialness , needs in man-days between "nature", construction makes a series of transitional space , and with the way of garden in garden or garden, come to play the part of contact and transitional role.Garden space divides the garden of a series of
Zhu teacher attends class to fall have not spoken these references always the main points of Chinese garden, not know is not is too many as our Chinese classic garden studies. For this, I think that will study train of thought , study spirit , grasp essential part. Jump in the pattern done not want to be limited in Chinese classic garden do not come out.
Zong go up state , know the scenery garden philosophy for design of international unification further , refer to Chinese traditional garden design tactic , construct to have the scenery garden works of deep intension and homeland characteristic , is just the correct development direction of Chinese modern scenery garden.
Pour< personname w:st=on productid=鏈卞缓瀹?Zhu< personname/>Teacher attends class most emphasis is excavation place feature, want reason to treat each line on blueprint. For instance, draw a garden road, must say understand why will set up a road here. Former have disaster for our many persons, but now, can feel that what teacher say have reason very much. Actually, how to make design need to still accumulate more.
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