Si-Man in American famous sociology scholar when in its masterpiece" lonely crowd" have put forward the 3 kinds of shelf of cultural worker: In former industrial society, it is that tradition guides personality, people behavior the basis of working is traditional culture, it is to work according to the experience of predecessors; In industrial times, reply is modernism, people behavior the basis of working is own reason, is called as self-discipline personality; And to rear industrial times, popular propagation medium is developed, people have gotten killed the ability of self judgment, behavior the basis of working is popular medium, from television, broadcast and the press, the role location and model who seeks self seek own life style and standard , and adjust and mould own role at any time according to other person for own judgment.
The now popular antenna of medium has no place not when, its infiltration for that people live has formed for intervention and the intervention of the fields such as politics, culture and economy, have all-around person for the present age , the influence of multiple level mechanism. Popular medium and leisure amusement " unite marriage " will medium amusement melts to present is in front of people. 1975 sociology scholar denies special when in" the sociology viewpoint of popular propagation" a writing has put forward the 4th big function of medium, amusement function is the supplement that says for La-Si-Wei-Er medium function.
From last century 80 decade so far, medium amusement the phenomenon that melts in popular medium gradually prosperous have become a fact that not competed. Is from newspaper to television , is from broadcast to network, "amusement" becomes one to arise the words with more and more high frequency , and everything and "amusement" relevant programme also become each big media to compete the focal point of appearance development. Now day, medium amusement melts as one of popular medium will go through stage is creep silent melt land the common people who influence China , pass through one in 2005 to call " super schoolgirl" sing match, impetuous force brings China turbulently into a amusement of whole people Tao Tie grand banquet.
Leisure amusement
Say from the layer surface of crowd, it has its deep psychology source that medium amusement melts: When Freud looks , " pursuit happiness is the instinct of person, people habit get spiritual satisfaction in fantasizing. "
The essence of amusement is relaxed participation , is happy , is shared with the masses. For general crowd, participation right and the use right of medium are a kind of is rare to be short of resource, it can be personal to experience the running of media, not only is body goes up is close , is also psychological go up is close. The uncertainty of the participation of personal experience, the challenge of programme difficulty and game result has powerful attraction for crowd, real person, benefit wisdom and the game of dirty trip Xiu programme, the etc. " happy dictionary" of wound wisdom winner and CCTV that regard as the happy base camp and eastern guard that Hunan guard regards embody this deeply. Evidently, the requirement of crowd psychological essence, the arising that melts for medium amusement has offered prerequisite.
However, crowd have poured into powerful power from many psychological development that melts for medium amusement. Economic rich modern society entertains to become a kind of fashion gradually: On psychology, people pursue the relax of the heart of the whole body beside a kind of work; On behavior, expression makes others how to lead a life of pleasure , I how to lead a life of pleasure; How others judges , the trend of how I judge. Have amusement to melt the medium propagation of color, because of its interest and stimulate, very easily, become theme that people discuss after tea surplus meal. Afterwards, will cause more person from many psychology in when unconscious seek similar news in popular medium to read to hear, for this demand that satisfies crowd , news do not pay attention to objective sober report, and it is communicating the amusement experience on a kind of sense organs again: Or it is relaxed , or is breathtaking , or is strange, so, it is popular as melting to have promoted medium amusement.
It is economic
From economic layer surface, come to
British philosopher He-Bo-Te-Si guest has said , mankind when have been completed to maintain and continue the major mission of life afterwards, surplus energy exists , the release of this kind of surplus energy is amusement mainly. And in the modern society of productivity high development, the most persons can enjoy production gradually to work with the double treatment with leisure amusement. Especially today, the high speed of amusement is developed , more make " service and the product on market offer amusement function correspondingly or with recreational activities, so, form amusement economy. "
First, the one of essential factor of amusement economy is attention. Some person says that amusement economy is attention economic or eyeball economy, this does not be been. Former Intel president Zeng says: " entire world fights for exhibition open the campaign of eyeball, who can attract more attention, who can become the dominator of century. " global Wei-Zhi-Yi-Da-Wen baud Zeng Zai Qi of administrative power best seller " in attention economy a " needle sees blood land write road: " under new economy, attention is property, money will flow together with attention. " " super female voice " many pipes in the various ways in eyeball fight war even take off, have developed this marrow extreme.
Secondly, the 2 of the essential factor of amusement economy is participation. " super female voice" have no the popular way of participating of threshold, with popular ballot, decide the elimination that player reserves way, have given the masses all rights , spread a kind of amusement way of " the happiness of whole people ". Having the professional personage in field think , this programme head opens " popular amusement" first river, have mixed " real person Xiu " want justice, have again held the marrow of " television return the masses , entertain prior common people ", besides its very strong participation , move mutual sex, make " super female voice" become the domestic incident in great demand of television circle and amusement circle in succession for two years. Even always noble-minded CCTV, also decide to transplant " Hai choose pattern " , start the amusement revelry programme of biggest scale to" dream for China".
Finally, the 3 of the essential factor of amusement economy is to win sex. Win difference with the traditional economic pair that pursues buyers and sellers , amusement economy since its participator is numerous must pursue to win. " super female voice" is that one has realized the classical case won. Transfer and integrate social resource , realize to win totally , is the tendency of amusement economy , is also the most outstanding characteristic of " super female voice ". The extensive application of satellite television, interconnection network, short letter platform and these new technologies lets society so, combine closely together, amusement economy when entire social concussion influence. So having formed contestant get it is all previous, audience gets it is happy, sponsor its advantage, patron gets the perfect situation that name and amusement field get its force. " entire super female voice " is not only a music grand ceremony , is together commercial big meal, all participator has gotten the raising of utility.
Medium amusement
From political layer surface, come to see: Official will tacitly consent to is medium amusement the phenomenon that melts can continued existent realistic condition. Amusement is welcomed as the most universal propagation product classification by the most persons , at the same time has the political space of its survival therefore because it does not challenge the game rule of extant social system , and is harmonious and favorable for society.
Medium amusement melts , is less for the pressure of government, amusement report cost is relatively cheap, at the same time, may still avoid to, because of seting foot in serious report too much, as anti-corruption report and the supervisor of public opinion, report the political risk that place may bring. And entertaining the news that melt indirect go up may alleviate the political enthusiasm of people, clear up the discontented mood of people for policy, government will be happy to approve naturally.
The China of beginning of 90 decade occurs many changes, domestic is radical politics overall withdraw and market economy take place completely, abroad, it is the unification of global economy and the historic reshuffle of world political general layout. Right now China when cleaning own ideological resource at the same time, the strong tendency that has to be faced with globalization times economy and culture is invaded , when economy and the science and technology of western developed country drive straight in , it is subsequent, raise the ideological trend of social sciences of ideological great waves constantly. The China of 90 decade had been brought in the process of modernization of globalness, in front of present however when is such a heterogeneous cultural site scene, here delivers miscellaneous after is modern , is modern, it even still has former modern trace and sound.
Somebody has used to untie to cover tightly , untie Huo , untie air, offer knowledge message( untie Huo) to people , eliminate free amusement( untie to cover tightly ) , let people get is fair, just, for people, upholding justice( untie air) summarize 20 century for beginning of 90 decade , mid-term and the Chinese society of later stage are for the mainstream demand of media.
The social transition of beginning of 90 decade the direct universal identity that has caused Chinese intelligentsia anxiety, it is been disappointed that in this kind of self identity is identified , intelligentsias mix with become the popular language at that time then with the indignant, worried and helpless life of " game ", the popular mediums of now are to play the role of " untie to cover tightly " mostly. 90 decade in , later stage, Chinese economy enters to reduce and rebuild economic order stage. Social psychology is turned by the comfortable state of beginning of 90 decade and is tense. Along with the increasingly sharp popular mediums such as newspaper of the various contradiction in reform as the bridge that government and people link up , on the one hand, increase the information content of report, satisfaction people know the facts right, the role of playing the part of " untie Huo " has also steped up on the other hand to dredge for the psychology of entire society, so," untie air" for people.
Medium amusement
From cultural layer surface, come to
Popular culture appears most early in the America of 20 century, popular culture as modern social important cultural landscape, it is from industrialization the culture that medium produces with the masses under the background of prominent emergence type.
In the transition process of the society of our country, social political color is desalinized gradually, economic, cultural color is protruding and current , sit properly in the past, the news programme of the chant type of official document is decreasing , what take it over is rich personal color , emphasis story " speak news ". With social transition and the change that brings from this appearance adaptive is , popular cultural replacement elite culture begins to go to social proscenium. In front of many deep transforms, many persons meeting Bei tense sense and pressure, so that people never picture now need to so entertain vigorously, needs some lead off mood to ease up Shi the passageway of psychological pressure. So, the masses with amusement, commercial nature and consumerness as major feature culture on Chinese the earth popular become to comply with the matter of trend.
It does not be mediocre to doubt , we are being in the amusement times of a great impetuous force. Relax according to American scholar forecast , recreational activities and tourist industry will become is next to sweep the economic spring tide of whole world. Especially becoming 21 century more with the cultural amusement industry with medium of core make person Xuan the purpose industry of huge ill-gotten gains. But somebody also throws for violent amusement tide so as Bi Yi , angry sight, their worrying lifetime wind day takes off , worrying the people of " entertain to melt survival " will become day as television laughs foolishly. In fact, what people will do at the moment is , learn amusement and enjoyment in living to entertain , adjust mood. Facing " Shi under wind day ", the best reply and the reproach of etc. are: Do not underestimate the wisdom of the masses forever.
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