[ book review ] " entertain till death ": Variety show , put on makeup the grand banquet of technique

銆€Huang/Writing

When this book author wave us are graceful to look , Liu Xiao celebrates to develop a new flat and is moving weapons etc. on own cheek besides, the Eight Diagrams, actually have no new Yi. Select if allowing " first strip", wave us graceful probably former meeting "focusing" American the president and nun Ke-Song: In those years, certain election failure and flustered and exasperated nun g loose refusal are discussed by oneself, follow self on the contrary put on makeup teacher big hair its fire, insist this to fail , reason lies in completely to put on makeup teacher deliberate damage . . . . ..

Know as you, in fact such "focusing" does not flee as before the suspicion of the Eight Diagrams, but its meaning already very. At least, it makes reduction we when hear of at present any a politician when as fire if in Tu election heat wave also do not forget to invite "joke" by oneself specially to give advice such news, it does not be surprised, , , loosen with nun g as put on makeup a pulse of " condemnation " of teacher appearance Cheng, this kind of detail let us know ," it is political" being developing for " a kind of amusement " - - - though spring night, Fan Wei, Zhao Ben Shan and week Jie-Lun red smell female friend etc. to be actually unconcerned politics.

This in which implicit meaning is to say , at present culture," entertain " have won to take our times " first medium" position. Especially within popular cultural language boundary, start and continue by printing machine to go through year " claim explanation times " already Ran abdicate from the amusement field times that television starts. From this, a common people or one of crew cut personal value error the name of 100 million management its inner morals whether " sincere " already not important - - - important is , " he sees " go up whether " sincere "?

Is also just this seem simple go to one of home to" see ", proving television and its culture now the knowledge of being us for world, it is also that we know the tool of world. Therefore, wave is graceful to say: " television the ability in the aspect of arranging us to exchange environment is other medium foundations can not Qi and ". Luo Lan.Ba-Te says: " television

So as watch , ZhaoFeng, Cui forever first etc. formerly the numerous famous personage that makes a living with "camera lens" any mishap, actually, it is insignificant. With wave, we are graceful to see , enclose than the film and circle of performing arts the infinite dispute in, television circle and is dirty and more terrible , is "amusement" Fan melt and even the popular feeling in-depth.

This judgment intonation with1900Being born in year so far however in a hundred years, but, it will be already political , news and education and even entire world has become a noise Bin Fen "variety show". On that vast incomparable screen of " television ", no matter being so cruel to murder , it is so terroristic and seismic, so preposterous political scandal, only host says gently " one receives ", everything disappears from the brain of people clean . . . . ..

So, now we immerse everyday mirror - - - in which that claims6+< xml:namespace prefix=st1/>< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=1 unitname=unitname鈥?1"< chmetcnv/>In the message environment of type, the culture that not only fails has become a kind of culture, and, it can bring how many laughters or hisses if the value of news also depends on it only, , , have more very, the personality etc.s of outstanding morals and perfect also depend on the high next . . . . . of " put on makeup technique " only.

Therefore, the worry with graceful wave despair to, touching to: " if a nation is distracted in miscellaneous trifles, if cultural life is been by new definition amusement go round and round , if the serious dialogue of the public has become immature baby language, in a word, people degenerate , is passive crowd, all public shapes of general affairs same variety show, so, this nation will discover that self is in imminent danger , the destiny of cultural destruction cannot escape. "

銆€銆€[" amusement/Nun.Wave/The Guangxi/Fix19It]

Preface

People are1984Year. This year.Ao Wei1984Year "1984" British.Ao WeiGeorge Orwell, 1903-1950)1949The novel that year composes- -Translate note forecast have not become realistic, American after apprehensiveness is unable to bear having sung gently to extol own song of praise. Free democratic root has been continued , no matter Ao Wei Er the shocking dream under pen whether arrive in other place, at least, we are to have escaped death by sheer luck.

But we forget , the fearful forecast except Ao Wei Er outside, another lets one absolutely horrified also edition, though this edition times, it is far back slightly , and also not so broad character knows. This is Ao-Er-De-Si.He Xu Li.He XuAldous Leonard Huxley1894-1963), British novelist,1932Annual publication the novel of science- -Translate note " beautiful new world". Even if having received, good educational people will not also expect that the forecasts of Ao Wei Er and He Xu Li are completely different. Ao Wei Er warning people will get foreign oppression enslave , and He Xu Li thinks that people lose freedom, success and history and are not"Elder" "Elder"It is the dictator- -Translate to pour error. When he looks ,

What Ao Wei Er fears is that those force the person of banned book, what He Xu Li worries is the reason of losing any banned book , because also having no person again is willing to study; What Ao Wei Er fears is those to deprive the person of our message, what He Xu Li worries is that people when vast water becomes passive and selfish increasingly in sea message; What Ao Wei Er fears is that truth had been concealed , what He Xu Li worries is that truth had been flooded in silly overelaborate life affairs; What Ao Wei Er fears is that our culture becomes to get system culture, what He Xu Li worries is that our culture becomes to be filled with the desire and stimulate of sense organs and has no the vulgar culture of regular game. As He Xu Li mentions in " weight visits beautiful new world ", those free will theory persons that prepare at any time to resist dictatorship and only theoretical persons"Have overlooked completely". In "1984", people get system in pain, and in" beautiful new world", people have lost freedom because of leading a life of pleasure. In short, Ao Wei Er worries about that the thing that we hate can destroy us, and what He Xu Li worries is that we will destroy in the thing that we love.

What this book want to tell all is to

Medium

Lift again a example that we know< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=0 unitname=纾?300 lbs< chmetcnv/>, all over the face superfluous meat. We are hard to imagine , any one has the person of this kind of appearance who will be introduced to the location of presidential candidate today. If be to give speech on broadcast to the public, the build of speaker is concerned not with his thought, but in television times, condition is not identical.< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=0 unitname=纾?300 lbs< chmetcnv/>Clumsy image, even if it is eloquent, also floods thought and the shrewd wonderful logic in speech unavoidably. On television, language is carried out through visual image, that is said, on television, the expression form of conversation is vivid, instead of language. The appearance of vivid manager on political field as well as the decline with this writer of lecture notes that accompanies have proved such point, is: The content of television needs and other medias are completely different. Television can not show political philosophy, the form of television has been doomed it is incompatible with political philosophy.

In history not same time, different city has become American spirit Yi Yi the focus of raw brightness. For instance, in 18 century, later stage and Boston are the center of political activism , shock the first gun of world to fire there, that a gun meeting fires in the suburb of Boston, will not is in other anywheres. Incident report afterwards, all American, include Fu-Ji-Ni-Ya person , have become Boston person from heart base. Middle period of 19 century, come from all parts of the world abandon sons when Ai this sharp island goes ashore , go to their strange language and the strange propagation of life style American every place, New York so becomes the symbol of the big type country of smelting furnace- -At least have other in Britain. In early stage of 20 century, Chicago begins to become the center of American industrial development. If there are the statue of a butcher in the certain place of Chicago, so its existence remembers to remind people that is railway everywhere , the times that ox crowd, steel factories and adventures go through. If have no such statue yet now, we should do this matter as soon as possible, as if representative Boston times have militia statue, representative the times of New York have free goddess picture is the same.

Today, we should throw line of vision to the La-Si-Wei-Jia-Si< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=0 unitname=鑻卞昂>30 feet< chmetcnv/>The high actress of tiger machine picture as well as performance song and dance. This is a amusement Zhi city , is here , all languages of the public appear gradually with the way of amusement , and become a kind of cultural spirit. Our politics, religion, news, sport, education and business are most willing land the dependency that becomes amusement , without complaint, it is even silent to have no breath, its result is we have become a amusement till death species.

I American the president in this writing writing is in the past the actor of Hollywood. His one of major competitor is 20 century 60 decade most person the purpose pet of TV festival that focuses attention , that is said, is a astronaut finger John.Shelf Lun, America is first to be- -Translate note. Is very

Besides, former.Nun Ke-Song-Zeng runs for own once , fail to lay.Kennedy a suggestion:< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=0 unitname=纾?20 lbs< chmetcnv/>Weight. Though constitution for this word does not mention , but seem fat person have been deprived election in fact any right of the political position of the senior level, perhaps baldhead also the same can not have a narrow escape , certainly, those exteriors, still, through making up , can not have the greater person that changes. We have seemingly reached such a stage: Politician may show ability formerly the field of and control ability has become from wisdom to put on makeup technique.

The journalist of America has also readilied take a hint for this as television announcer. The time of the most persons in the flower on blower in them is more more than being broadcasting for the time on draft that spends, and from this, becoming amusement society most have person and a group of glamour. Though, federal press law has not been stipulated , those the person of not last camera lens has been actually deprived to the masses to broadcast newspaper claims"Today"Right, however those when the person

The businessmen of America have discovered early before us that it is insignificant that use and the quality of merchandise seem in front of the skill that demonstrates merchandise. No matter is inferior to pawn.This dense.Marx criticizes in every possible way, in capitalist principle, half is sheer nonsense. Even can produce Japanese of more high quality automobile than American also realize , say with it that economy is a science , has better to still say that it is a kind of performance art, Toyota annual advertising budget has proved this.

Recently,.Shelf thunder.Shelf( Billy Graham1918-), American Christianity Gospel style missionary , soak letter meeting pastor, explain Jesus Christ Gospel in America and all parts of the world through broadcast, television and film, develop Gospel Fen mood sport.- -Translate.Shelf.Ba Dun.Wo Wei g.Wave Er and other.Burns expresses congratulation, celebrating him in amusement profession success to fall to roll about have climbed for 80 years. Shelf thunder E Mu priest and Burns have said a lot about come the witty remark of lifetime. Though in Bible, it has not been any to let us know , but shelf thunder E Mu priest to audience guarantee, God love those can the person that lets one laugh. This is the mistake of a honesty, shelf thunder E Mu is wrong have regarded as American nation-wide Broadcasting Corporation God.

Lu.Wei< personname w:st=on productid=椹?Horse< personname/>Dr. is a psychologist, she has upholded a files to receive very much the broadcasting programme and a nightclub programme that person welcomes , in these programmes, it is total that she introduces the forest of relevantance matter to audiences, the language used when can only be bedroom in the past in and some dark street angles use privately. She and shelf thunder E Mu priest the same is a interesting person, she has said:"My original intention and not is happy to tease , however, if I do can let one happy really, I not Fang continuity goes down. Somebody says that I please in person, I say that this is very good. If a professor shows humorous when attending class , people will bring memory to finish class."Draw1983Year8Month24Day " Wei Si Kang1Page. She has not said what memory people bring , have not also said that these memories has what benefit, but she has explained point: Can please in person , is really good. Is definite, is in America , what God stays is that those possess can entertain the person of skill and the talent of other person, no matter he is missionary , sportsman, entrepreneur, politician and teacher are still newspaper-mans. In America, it is those professional actors to most let one insipid.

It has been accustomed to seeing such things to express the person of attention and apprehensiveness for culture , discover these above examples as the person who is reading this kind of book and be not rare. Criticism circles does not lack men of insight, they notice has recorded the American language of the public disintegrate and it to the change of amusement art. But the most persons in them, I believe that have not begun to probe meaning and the source of this kind of change yet. Those persons who have already made research for this tell us that all these are to move towards the surplus dregs of the capitalism that has come to a dead end , or positive is the tasteless fruit after capitalist maturation on the contrary; All these also is Freud times nerve function the sequelae solicited , it is the human retribution that destruction encounters no matter God , is deep-rooted and greedy in human nature and the outcome of desire.

I have read these elaborations carefully , am not to have not studied thing from it. Marxism and Freud are theoretical, even theology , can not overlook. Under any condition, if my view can be close to fact basically, I can feel surprised. As He Xu Li says , we have no person to possess to know the intelligence of all truthes, even if we believe that there is such intelligence by oneself, also have no time to propagate truth , or can not find credulous audience to accept. But here, you can discover a viewpoint of understanding than predecessors more thoroughly. Though, this viewpoint is not abstruse , but its value embodies in the substantivity of its visual angle, before such visual angle is just 2300 years, cypress pulls picture to put forward. Basis this viewpoint, we should put focus in human conversation is nominal, and the form of assuming our conversation has major influence for the thought that will express , the ideological nature that expresses easily will become cultural composition part.

I use vividly"Conversation"This word, and not only point at language, at the same time, also pointing at everything make the people in certain culture have exchanged technology and the skill of message. On such meaning, entire culture is one conversation, or say more accurately , is in order to not symbolize together the combination of many conversation that way spreads out. Here, what we will pay attention is , the way of the language of the public how standard and even decision language content.

We may lift a simple example, such as original smog signal. Though, I can not know definitely that communicate what message in the smog signal of these American Indians, but I may affirm , in which do not contain any philosophy viewpoint. The smog of battle array returns can not complex arrive may express the view of people for survival meaning, even if may, the philosopher in them has not waited probably to form any new theory , have exhausted wood and felt. You are impossible to show philosophy with smog at all, its form has removed its content.

Lift again a example that we know< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=0 unitname=纾?300 lbs< chmetcnv/>, all over the face superfluous meat. We are hard to imagine , any one has the person of this kind of appearance who will be introduced to the location of presidential candidate today. If be to give speech on broadcast to the public, the build of speaker is concerned not with his thought, but in television times, condition is not identical.< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=0 unitname=纾?300 lbs< chmetcnv/>Clumsy image, even if it is eloquent, also floods thought and the shrewd wonderful logic in speech unavoidably. On television, language is carried out through visual image, that is said, on television, the expression form of conversation is vivid, instead of language. The appearance of vivid manager on political field as well as the decline with this writer of lecture notes that accompanies have proved such point, is: The content of television needs and other medias are completely different. Television can not show political philosophy, the form of television has been doomed it is incompatible with political philosophy.

There is still a example, it is more"Today""Source", in the world of- -Can not exist. I am not to say , fire, war and murder and love feelings never in the anywhere of this world occur error. What I want to say is that propagate them if having not been used technology, people can not know , can not fit all these into own daily life. In short, these messages can not exist as cultural content."Today"Arising originate from the invention of cable( the masses updated afterwards again by other propagation tool carries forward ) completely, cable makes have no the message of background can with the hard to believe space of wide speed leap."Today"This kind of thing is pure to belong to the technical thing imagined , says accurately that is a kind of media behavior. We may know that from all parts of the world, the segment for various incidents reports , because we possess to apply to to report the various media of these segments. In if like some culture has not had lightning the medium tool of speed, if smog signal is still the most effective propagation channel, this kind of culture will not be possessed"Today". Offer the form of propagation"Today"Will not

Use for no reason language, this book is for the probe of the most major change in the second half leaf American culture of 20 century and is mourned: Printing technique times step enters decline, and television times are thriving. This kind of conversion from foundation not reversible turn land the meaning and content that has changed the language of the public , because so, two completely different mediums are impossible to communicate same thought. As printing technique influence drop , political, religious, educational and any other forms the field of public general affairs to want to change its content , and defines again with the expression way that most applies to television.

Horse.Wheat g Lu.WheatMarshall McLuhan1911-1980), Canadian propagation theoretician thinks that the propagation means such as computer and television produce strong influence for social and artistic, scientific, religious etc., works have " person extend " and " medium message ".- -Translate note"Medium"If the suspicion that says on me and have reference , I do not deny the contact in which( is though worth for respectful scholar to feel a lot deny and his contact is very fashionable, however if no wheat g Lu Han, they perhaps so far still unknown) decidedly. 30 years ago, meet the Chinese time of wheat Ke-Lu, I am still a graduate student, and he is also a ordinary English professor only. I believe then , now, still believe that he has inherited Ao Wei Er with He Xu Li tradition, have foretold as not come. I for him theory firmly believes not Yi. He thinks that the most effective channel of a kind of culture in-depth is that understanding is used in the tool of conversation in this kind of culture. I should replenish perhaps, what arouse me most early to produce interest for this viewpoint is that one is more Chinese and more great than wheat Ke-Lu , pulls the forecast of more ancient picture than cypress to home. I have studied when it is young that it" is biblical", when in which I have gotten a kind of enlighten: The form of medium good some special contents, so, can control culture eventually. This kind of enlighten comes from"10"In prohibit Israeli produce"Cannot carve idol for self , cannot also"As a lot other persons, I feel uncertain then very much, why God will stipulate people should or the experience of how to should not show them with symbol. Unless promulgating cultural quality and the social form of advising that person believes mankind , it has inevitable contact, otherwise the practice that belongs to this kind of prohibition in ethics system is unreasonable. We may take risk to do as soon as guess: Those have been accustomed to now use the person of drawing, sculpture or other specific vivid expression thoughts, can discover they can not picture the originally the same god who worships a abstractness. Jewish God exists in writing , or exists through writing, this needs people to carry out the most shrewd wonderful abstract thought. With image, it is to blaspheme the expression of supernatural o , has so prevented that new God enters some culture. Our culture is being in since is taking writing as center to is taking image as the process of central conversion, thought one takes off rub west advise is been helpful for perhaps for us. Even if these guesses have improper place, I still think that it is sensible and apropos. I believe , the medium of the intercourse in certain culture for this cultural spiritual focus and material focus form have the influence of decision.

Language feels no qualms is a kind of original cannot or the medium that is short of , it makes us become person , maintains the characteristic of person , has still defined the meaning of person in fact. But this is not to say that only having no any other mediums besides language, people can still narrate same matter also conveniently with same way. We make us know that language structural discrepancy will be caused to claim for the understanding of language"World"Difference. How people treat how time and space understand thing and process, metropolis gets the grammar feature in language important influence, so, we dare not venture to claim that all human cerebrum is consistent for the understanding of world.

If we consider that there is still the conversation tool of such rich many shapes besides language, we imagine easily, different culture can have what divergence in the aspect of world outlook. Though, culture is the outcome of language, but each kind of medium can go on for it to create again- -From drawing until resembling shape symbol, from letter, go to television. As language, each kind of medium has offered new location for thinking deeply and expressing thought and expressing the way of feelings, so create unique language symbol. This is said by wheat g Lu Han"Medium". But his epigram need to be still revised , because this expression way can let people obscure message and metaphor. Message is about the clearly specific explanation of this world, but our medium includes those symbols that make conversation have realized , but has no this function. Them more picture is a kind of metaphor, use a kind of conceal is but strong to hint definition realistic world. No matter we pass through spoken language or the writing of printing or television cinecamera comes to experience this world , this kind of medium-The relation of metaphor carries out this world for us

The progress that symbol moves about along with people, material reality seems , is being reduced into proportion. People no straight surface week the thing that meets with , and it is negotiating constantly with self. They wrap up self in language form, artistic vivid, mythology symbol or religious ceremony completely, so that do not have the aid of artificial medium they can not see or know any thing. Ka-Xi-Er," person discusses ", the garden city of New York: Even-numbered days publishing house, iron anchor book series1956, it43Page.

Medium unique is in , though, it guides the way that we treat and know thing , but its this kind of intervention does not be often noticed for person. We study and watch television or the time of how to see watch , control and are not interested for own cerebrum by these behaviors , do not say more what influence as soon as thought takes off book, television or watch, for we know , world has. But really, somebody has noticed these, especially in our times, it is this that road is easy.Mang the.MangLewis Mumford1895-1990), American social philosopher, teacher- -Translate note is these and great to observe one in person. He is not those person who just sees clocks and watches to see time, this and not because the very clocks and watches that he cares about for all minute second is not interested , is he for how clocks and watches show"Divide"This concept is been interested in more. He metaphor symbol and the philosophy meaning of thought clocks and watches, only our these educations not very place, the craftsmen of clocks and watches even more know nothing for this. Mang the virtue summary of good fortune says:"Clocks and watches"Is making the time that divides second , clocks and watches time separates open from the campaign of mankind, and make people believe that time may exist with the unit independence that may measure accurately. The existence that divides second is not the intention of God , is also not the outcome of nature , but is the result of mechanical and own dialogue that mankind comes out with own creation.

When Mang in the works of14Century is begun , clocks and watches how the thrift and person that makes one become punctual the popular support of time current quilt Ju labour the person of time. In this process, we have learnt to ignore sunrise day falls replace with season, because in a world that second is formed by minute, the authority of nature has been replaced. Is definite, as Mang the virtue of good fortune points out , since clocks and watches had been invented , in human life, have had no eternity. So, what the unremitting tick tock sound of clocks and watches represents is that the authority with paramount God weaken gradually, though, somebody can seldom realize the relation in which. That is said, the invention of clocks and watches has led into a kind of popular support God between carry out the new form of dialogue, and God is seemingly home that loses. Perhaps, rub west"10"In should still add one again

Letter has brought the new form that person negotiates between person, about this now scholars already reach common recognition. The words that people say not only hear to see , and is possible to see- -This is not a minor matter , although does not also make too many comment about our education. However, apparently, the writing form of speech sound has created a kind of new knowledge theory, a kind of new knowledge about intelligence, audience and progeny, it has been known that these thing cypresses pull picture in initial stage that theory forms. He writes road in" 7th letter":"No one has intellectual person can take risk the philosophy viewpoint that term speech expresses him , especially those meeting, permanent for a long time constant language for instance uses written writing record."He has carried out detailed elaboration for this, he knows clearly that it is not the end of these viewpoints with written writing record philosophy viewpoint , but is the starting point of these viewpoints. Have not criticized , philosophy can not exist , written writing makes thought accept other person conveniently to last strict careful observation. Written form language solidifies , have been born from this domestic grammar, logic domestic, rhetoric home, historian and scientist- -Having these persons need to put language

Cypress pulls picture to realize this , he knows that writing can bring one revolution of consciousness: Eye has replaced ear and becomes the organ of language processing. According to legend, for encouragement this kind of change, cypress the student that pulls to seek to ask him when come he study geometry first before studying garden. If have its matter certainly, it is really very sensible that cypress pulls picture, because as great literature critic Nuo Si Luo Pu.Fu Lai"Written writing is not only a kind of is simple to remind thing: It has created again in reality to pass , and the concentration that has given us shake popular feeling imagine , instead of what ordinary memory."Fu Lai, " great symbol: It is biblical1981, it227Page.

Cypress the deduction of La-Tu for written writing importance now is already deepened by anthropologist carve understanding, especially if in the culture that they study language is the only source of complex dialogue. Anthropologist knows that written writing is not only the echo of voice, this Nuo Si Luo Pu.Fu Lai have also mentioned. This is another kind of sound completely , is the acrobatics of first class magic teacher. When those persons of invention writing vision, writing has this superhuman strength certainly. Consider these in, so Egypt mythology brings tower writing to admire month of king god thorough is at the same time also the god of magic specially, it is not at all surprising. The person as us can't see perhaps that writing has what magical but our anthropologist to know that for a nation that has only oral language , writing can look so peculiar and has magic power- -It is object that such dialogue has not seemingly again seemed any person for elephant. Have what than appeal to problem the silence in text is more strange? Have what than say everything to a invisible reader, and because knowing , a unknown reader can oppose or misunderstand and revises self are you more mysterious? And it must be done that this is just the author of each book.

It is to discuss because of this postscript surface how our national experience is from the huge change that writing magic changes to electronic magic to put forward above-mentioned viewpoint. What I want to point out here is that lead into the skill such as writing or clocks and watches culture, not only is mankind for the binding of time extend , and it is the change of human thought way , is natural , is also the change of cultural content. This is why I will be called as medium"Metaphor"Reason. In school, teacher tells us very correctly, metaphor is a kind of pass make certain matter thing and other things to compare the method that reveals this thing essence. Through this kind of powerful hint force, in our brain, have also formed such a concept, that will understand a thing, must lead into another thing: Light is wave, language is a tree, God is a sensible and respectable person, cerebrum is illuminated by knowledge dark cave. If these metaphors do not be effective, it is suitable that we can find other surely: Light is particle, language is a river, God is a differential equation( as Luo Su have claim ), cerebrum is that one longs for the garden of culture.

However this-The relation of metaphor has not been understood as this and is lively, and it is more complex. To understand the function of these metaphors, we should consider the symbol way of message, source, quantity, propagation speed as well as the language boundary with located message. For instance, clocks and watches time reappears to stand independently accurate order, writing makes cerebrum become the stele of writing experience, cable changes news into merchandise. To be deep to understand these metaphors, we will cost really to complicate. However, if we can realize , each kind of tool that we create implication surmount the meaning of its self, so understand these metaphors will be easy is many. For instance, somebody points out12In century, the invention of glasses not only makes correction eyesight become possible, and have still hinted that mankind need not regard talent or defect as last destiny. The appearance of glasses tells us, need not superstition fate, body and cerebrum may be perfected. I feel , if say12The invention20In century, gene has some

Even as the not general instrument microscope, have also contained the implied meaning that makes one surprised , this kind of implied meaning not is about biology, is about psychology. Passing to demonstrate a naked eyes the world cannot see , microscope has put forward the explanation of one concerning cerebrum structure.

Resemble if thing is always different from its table, if microorganism does not hide evidently in our skin internal and external, if invisible world has controled tangible world, so book I and self and exceed me whether may also not hide evidently in certain place? Does psychoanalysis still have what except acting as besides the microscope of cerebrum? The understanding of us for cerebrum besides only come from some metaphors produced by tool, do you still have what channel? We say that a person has126Intelligence quotient, again is why matter? In the brains of people , do not have figure, intelligence also has no quantity and volume, unless we believe it, have. Why do we still believe that it has? Possess because of us to can say the tool of clear cerebrum condition. Really, our ideological tool can help us to understand own body: It is been that sometimes, we weigh own body"Biological", sometimes,"Genetic", sometimes our picture reads the

Galileo has said that the language of nature is mathematics. Him, say that but hiting , compares. Nature will not speak by oneself, our body and cerebrum will not be also spoken. We about the dialogue of nature as well as self, use any a kind of we feel that is convenient"Language"Go on. We are natural, intellectual as knowing , human motive or thought, and it is not their true colors, is them in language expression form. Our language medium, our medium metaphor, our metaphor has created the content of our culture.

Amusement

Amusement not only becomes the symbol of all language on television , is this kind of under television to symbolize to still rule everything. As if printing technique the run mode that has controled political, religious, commercial, educational, legal and other important social general affairses is the same, current television decision everything. In court, classroom, operating room, meeting room and church, it is even on airplane , American no longer converses each other, they entertain each other. They do not exchange thought , but are alternating image. They argument problem is not to rely on viewpoint to get victory , what they lean is the exterior that is pleasant to the eye , the television advertisement and effect of famous person. The message that television transmits not only is " world is big stage ", also is " this stage for in Hua reach La-Si-Wei-Jia-Si of state ".

A very assiduous graduate student that I know when final exam returns to his little residence before today in the evening, result discovery one of his only desk lamp already spoil can no more repair. A burst panic afterwards, he has recovered calmness gradually. To get a satisfactory score in second day, he opens television , closes sound, the back as screen, borrow the light that television sends to begin to read the chapter that will be examined. This is a use of television- -Illuminate

But television screen is not only light source, its smooth smooth surface may be still used to demonstrate writing. We have a special channel after the television in hotel and room , roll continually to arise the caption concerning in the same day major news. This is the another use of television- -Electronic

Many televisions are big and strong enough to bear30This book, a Ms that I know has her< chmetcnv w:st=on tcsc=0 numbertype=1 negative=False hasspace=False sourcevalue=21 unitname=鑻卞>21Inch< chmetcnv/>Wei-Si-Ting-Hao-Si brand- -Bookshelf.

Lift these examples, I am to want to ridicule.Wheat g"Rear-view"Thought: Think a kind of new medium is old medium extend and expand , if automobile is the horse of more rapid speed only, electric light is the candle with larger power. In this problem that we discuss , the mistake that this kind of person commits is to have misunderstood completely how television defines the meaning of the language of the public again. Television can not extend or expand writing culture, is opposite, television can only attack writing culture. If say that television is the continuity of some thing, this kind of thing can only be19In century middle period,15The printing

What is television? Does it allow what

These is this postscript surface the problem that will be discussed. To be able to have a clear knowledge for these problems, with me, will distinguish the concept of technology and medium first. We can say perhaps, the relation of technology and medium as if cerebrum and thought is the same. Cerebrum and technology are material installations , thought and medium make material the thing of application on installation style. Once technology has used some special symbol symbol, in some special social environment, have found own location , or have blended in economic and political field, it will become medium. Change the society that sentence words say , a kind of technology is a machine only, medium is this machine to create and cultural environment.

Certainly, as cerebrum, each kind of technology also has the deviation of own intrinsic. Under its material shell, it often shows to want the trend of style what kind of application. Have only those historical persons for technology that know nothing , will just believe that technology is completely neutral. Here, one ridicules the joke of this kind of immature opinion: Love Di livelihood may announce the news of invention electric light originally early somewhat is many, unfortunately after he turns on lamp every time, it is said then that can put lamp in mouth side:"Feed?"

This natural is a joke. Each kind of technology has own agenda , wait by a kind of metaphor of revelation. For instance, printing technique has definite trend , will use to make language medium. We may imagine printing technique uses privately in the duplication of photograph, we imagine again16The Roman Catholic possibility of century will not.Road( Martin Luther, 1483-1546)16In century, Europe is religious- -Translate note words, if every meal table of family goes up have the writing of God , Christian not needs pope for them Shi justice. But in fact, printing technique has been never used privately , or is used to duplicate in large quantities image. Since15Century birth at the beginning of , printing technique has been regarded as demonstration and extensive propagation the ideal tool of written writing, afterwards, its use has not deviated this direction. We can say that printing technique is invented for this purpose.

Television technology also has own trend. We may regard television as lamp , regard as the display screen of writing , even regard as radio as bookshelf , but are at least in America , television has no will not also send these applications. So, will reply"What is"This problem, we will first understand , when we discuss television, we do not denote a kind of technology , and denote a kind of medium. In many places on world, though, America and the technology of making television are the same , but are a kind of completely different medium in those places and televisions. In those places that I point at , most persons have no television yet, it is a that the person who possesses television also has only , they have only a television station, they have no whole day24In TV festival of hour play, eye and the most programmes are prime objectives with the policy and ideology that drives forward government. In those places, people do not know that television advertisement is that the major frame on what thing and television is somewhat"The head", radio and the use of television differ very little. Because of above-mentioned this kind of kind reason, those local televisions are impossible to possess picture in might or the meaning as America, that is said, since use method is different, some technology can not develop its latent energy fully probably or can only produce the social effect of minimum limit.

But the condition of America is greatly different. The market economy in democratic system and relative freedom in, television has found as a kind of technology may develop latent energy fully rich land. In which, a result is , the eye of TV festival of America when whole world drops behind demand. Quantity is the American purpose export of TV festival probably101020In 10 thousand hours,1984Year7Month20Japan, "New York Times" has reported the64The programme of the Colombian Broadcasting Corporation of hour. They still sign contract very quickly with American nation-wide Broadcasting Corporation and American Broadcasting Corporation. In past some years, picture "treasure" , " the spy in dish" , " interplanetary travel" , " reach La-Si " and " the resentment of rich and powerful family " such programme when Britain, Japan, Israel and Norway get the degree of welcome, unique not inferior in Ao Ma Ha of cloth La-Si-Jia state. I hear of that( have not but gotten confirmation) some years are former, pull general person pull general person( Lapps), Sa-A-Mi( Saamis), is engaged in to- -Translate note in seeJ.R., have postponed the big move of their annual once unexpectedly. And at the same time, political prestige and the morals of America have droped greatly in world-wide scopes. In TV festival of America, eye drops behind demand , and not because people love America, , are because people love the television of America.

To make clear the reason of which, actually , it is not difficult. While watching American television, we will often think that Xiao Bo fits to see for the first time that 100 is remited always and the neon light on 42 avenues that twinkles at night the excellent comment of publication. He says that if you do not become literate , these lamplights are beautiful undoubtedly. The television of America is beautiful wonder really , is visual and joyful as being rarely , daily you can see thousands upon thousands of image. The average time of every camera lens on television is3.5Second, so, our eye foundation has no time rest, screen always has the new thing that may see. , television theme demonstrated to audience is though many, not need us to move brain, see that the purpose of television gets satisfaction merely on feelings. Also make meticulously even many television advertisements with disagreeable person, pleasant image often accompanies the music that makes one excited. We may say no doubt that on world, the most beautiful photograph is to appear in television advertisement. Change sentence words to say , American television is devoted to offering amusement for audience wholeheartedly.

Certainly, it is too pale that television has this amusement fact, will not cause any threat for culture absolutely , also do not be worth for me to therefore write a book. Television sometimes even let people glad a reason. We often say that life is not to spread fully the sunshine road of fresh flower , can see some flowers during transit occasionally, make journey become do not be so hard to bear. Pulling general person think so undoubtedly that watch television every day in the evening9000American of 10 thousand so thinks. But with me, what wants to say is not the amusement of television, is television the form that has become amusement to show all experiences. Our television makes us and this world maintain intercourse, but in this process, television always maintains immutable smiling face. Our problem does not lie in television to demonstrate for us to have the content of amusement, and lying in have content come out with the way expression of amusement, this is another matter completely.

We may change kind saying: Amusement is the super ideology of all language on television. No matter is what content, also no matter adopt what visual angle, everything on television is to offer amusement to us. Just because is so, so even if the news of report tragedy and brutal act programme, before programme finishes , announcer can also say for audience"Tomorrow". Why do you want good-bye? Say according to reason, disaster and the massacre of some minutes should can let us whole one month is hard to enter sleep, but now, we have accepted the invitation of announcer , because we know"News"What is to need not take seriously- -Cordial attitude and the handsome good appearance of announcer, the joke that they make one happy , programme beginning and finish the splendid music of play, lively camera lens and gorgeous dazzling various advertisements- -All these tell us , no reason is the unfortunate cry on television. Say simplely that news programme is a kind of amusement form, instead of for education, review or purification soul, also we can not still criticize too those make news programme the person of this location. They broadcast the news of newspaper are not to let one read , it is also not to let one hear , their news let one see , this is the direction that television self guides , they must follow. Here, no conspiracy and no intellectual shortcoming have only frank viewpoint:"Good"Is unconcerned together used in

To explain above viewpoint, with< chsdate w:st=on isrocdate=False islunardate=False day=20 month=11 year=1983>1983Year11Month20Day< chsdate/>When quite having the film80The discussion of minute programme. Though about the purpose"It""Take"Role. The aspect of this programme is proving , it is the one time that, for television, break away from the important trial that amusement pattern goes up to public educational level. First, the subject of this programme is about the possibility of nuclear disaster. Secondly, this film has encountered the fierce attack of organization of some quite influences , in which includes Jie-Rui.Law Wei"Morals". So, how to show the serious intention and value that television has for being the medium of propagation message are very important undoubtedly. 3th has not used any background music in the entire process of programme- -This is a major change, because nearly have the eye of TV festival metropolis relies on music to tell when audience need to show what feelings, this is the performance tactic of a kind of routine, on television having had no music simply is not Xiang omen. 4th has no television advertisement in discussing process, such serious degree may only compare by the funeral of assassination the president. Finally, attend the honored guest of discussion to include Henry.Kissinger.McNemar pulls.Wei squeeze.Wei( Elie Wiesel, 1928-), American writer. Because of1986Year obtains- -Translate note everybody is the symbol of some serious language. Though soon Kissinger again appears in a files concerning " the resentment of rich and powerful family " programme in, he is still rated as the model of serious intelligentsia; Wei squeeze in Er is the activation body of social conscience completely. Really, attend the other honored guests of discussion- -Ka-Er.Sa root.General Te of- -Everybody makes the wisdom of own glisten

Anchor-person.Department wears Er first make opening speech. He points out that following programme is not debate , but is discussion, so those for language philosophy the audience that is interested has very good opportunity may know serious television"Discuss"It is what. This is the condition5Minute speaks , they have not seemingly stipulated subject, everybody is since say that is from words , do not make any reaction for the speach of other persons. Actually, to make reaction for the words of others, also do not be easy really, because of all honored guest is to speak in proper order , just as being the final person in the match of beauty contest, everybody demonstrates some minutes before video camera. So, if Mr Weisaier finally a speach, he thinks for first speach< personname w:st=on productid=宸村厠鍒?Ba-Ke-Li< personname/>Mr comments on , will so have 420Minute, it is that what viewpoint has aroused such- -Majority are- -Is proficient in the viewpoint of how to avoid comment others very much, they use initial some minutes beginning from programme and afterwards everybody the viewpoint in minute that speach time shows self or move others. For instance, base< personname w:st=on productid=杈涙牸>Singh< personname/>Dr. wants to let audience feel sorry because he does not be Secretary of State they very eagerly, he reminds everybody him continually to write the book of error , negotiation put forward and that proposal and management pass. Wheat Ke-Na< personname w:st=on productid=椹媺>Horse< personname/>Mr first tells his audience that15Reduces the motion of nuclear weapon. Some person may expect that he can mention to reduce the motion of nuclear weapon , but some person is seemingly interested more in him in the lunch of Germany. ( afterwards, he mentions the in which with initiative3Motion, but these motions.Wei squeeze in Er pass through reference a series of similar fable and Juan the thing of language, emphasize that point out the tragedy of human survival, however, explain by an example because he has no time his viewpoint, so, his description is a little disorderly, giving the feeling of person as if a rabbi a carelessness is rushed into , is not the assembly of Judaism.

Spoken parts , this book is not the discussion that we say normally , has no viewpoint or turns over viewpoint, have no assumption of basis, no explanation and no elaboration have not been defined. When I look , Ka-Er.Sa the speach- -Have gone on4The explanation- -But in his speach, it still at least has to be worth for at two o'clock to discuss, and apparently, he has also not made careful demonstration. Nobody is willing to discuss the viewpoint of others since self takes out time in limited some minutes. When department wears Mr Er this side, how let"Discussion"Going down continuously is he the responsibility that is duty-bound , though sometimes his meeting makes some comment along train of thought for the viewpoint that he hears , but what he cares about more distribute still to the deserved time of everybody.

But envoy eye looks broken, intermittent and is"Let me"Or"I do"Or"You say. .It is"Or"Your messages are", such language is not only reduced slowly the purpose rhythm of TV festival, and still cause a kind of not definite or not perfect impression. Put forward such problem has exposed to speak the thought process of person, this arises meeting on television, make one embarrassed and dull as picture appears on the stage of La-Si-Wei-Jia-Si. Thought can not get very good expression on television, this television directors have discovered very for a long time before. It may be seen that in thought process, audience has no thing. Thought is not performance art, and what television needs is performance art. What American Broadcasting Corporation demonstrates to us is to have excellent language control ability formerly, now submit to television medium with the person of political view, it is to be devoted to performing horizontal raising instead of expressing their thought. This has explained why this80The discussion of minute.Shellfish Ke-Te Irish dramatist and novelist,1969Year obtains- -Translate note drama is the same: Theme is serious, and meaning can not be understood. Certainly, their performance is very professional. Sa root has given up is doing the round collar pullover that crosses in another files programme , he has even still pruned hair specially to attend this programme. He in programme role is scientist of the reason that represents entire the earth to speak, Paul.Knob graceful whether can.Nun Mo Yi can be all right.- -Speak is succinct and straightforward , attitude is restrained and cold , is the appearance of a pair of defence person of national security completely. Kissinger plays the role of a omniscient politician for international general affairs as any former time, here , bears often the responsibility that prevents disaster. Department wears Er host role play thoroughly, it is in analysis viewpoint to look superficially, actually, he is directing a performance merely. Finally, all applaud for these performances, this also is a good eye of TV festival hopes to get , that is said, what it needs is applause, instead of review.

I not say television absolutely.In Ba-Ke-Li own programme "battle line", sometimes, can show the person that is thinking deeply , certainly now, the camera lens of video camera are to happen to aim at them surely. There are still other some programmes, as " reporter visits to talk " or " free soul ", they are retaining the graceful and printing technique tradition of scholar with great efforts obviously, but these programmes never race against time with those programmes that have more visual pleasant sensation , because if so, they have no person to see. In the final analysis, we have never heard of, the expression form of a kind of medium may and the very this kind of medium trend resist relatively. For instance40There is a very popular broadcasting programme"Mei.The fan time"In the sound of dance step that hears the actor of step dance. ( if I have not made mistake , this programme has once still ask a actor of dumb show. ) however, the dance and dumb show and performance of vocal mimicry can not get very good expression in broadcast , as if complex talk programme is improper for television to be the same. These programmes may be only just accepted under the condition that shows image throughout through video camera reluctantly- -As if the president publication speech is the same. But this is not the best state of television , is also not the television that people want to see. Television is television , the most crucial point is to be able to see why this is that its name shouts"Television"Reason place. People see- -Thousands upon thousands of picture, transient is however gorgeous and dazzling. Is just the very television this kind of nature have decided that it must give up thought, come to cater to the demand of people for visual pleasant sensation , come to meet the development of amusement field.

Film and disc are purposes with broadcast( the current affiliated article that has become music profession ) with amusement, them when change American language the role of taking in style cannot overlook. But television is different from them, because television has contained language have form. Nobody meeting is discovered to know newest science or the policy of government go cinema, nobody will go to buy disc to know the score of baseball match or weather condition or the case of murder that occurs recently, nobody meeting opens radio( if he still have the words of a television on hand) to hear soap drama or the president speech. But any person may see all these on television , even is more, this has explained why television can produce so huge impact force for culture. Television is had in culture by us , the most major way of knowing culture. So- -This is- -In television, the world of expression has become the model of how this world should exist. Amusement not only becomes the symbol of all language on television , is this kind of under television to symbolize to still rule everything. As if printing technique the run mode that has controled political, religious, commercial, educational, legal and other important social general affairses is the same, current television decision everything. In court, classroom, operating room, meeting room and church, it is even on airplane , American no longer converses each other, they entertain each other. They do not exchange thought , but are alternating image. They argument problem is not to rely on viewpoint to get victory , what they lean is the exterior that is pleasant to the eye , the television advertisement and effect of famous person. The message of coming out is not only television transmission"World is", and"This stage in La-Si-Wei-Jia-Si".

Shelf.Sa-Ke-Wei-Ci priest is a Roman Catholic Father of Chicago, his characteristic is do missionary work combine with rock and roll. As Associated Press reports , he is the vice-pastor of the church of The Holy Spirit that is located in Chicago suburb , and isWKQXThe eye host of music festival of radio station. When in his programme" soul journey", Sa-Ke-Wei-Ci Father has a chat with his soft sound the subject concerning family relation or loyalty, and when preach gap play"The song of". He says him"The way", he still"You need not is devout"

At the same time, the.J.Ao Kang fits Father when take the post the ceremony of the archbishop district archbishop of New York goes up Dai Zhuo New York raises the hat of base baseball team, and always Ban funny face, he inserts department from time to time to hit joke , in which, one is to aim at love virtue China especially.Department g mayor. When afterwards once show up openly, take the charge of archbishop recently have again changed New York the hat of metropolis baseball team. These frames have gone up television certainly , and demand the favor of audience very much, major reason is Ao Kang fits Father( now has been red clothing archbishop ) a chip that wins more than Sa-Ke-Wei-Ci priest: The latter thinks"You need not is", the former thinks

In Ya-Li the phoenix.The Di-Te-Li-Qi.The heart of Shu Le makes< personname w:st=on productid=鑸掑嫆>Shu< personname/>The blessing of Mr; Surgical operation50The direct broadcast of television station this surgical operation, British Broadcasting Corporation has also attended direct broadcast. Two say to say Yuan see them continually all prompt bulletin give audience. I do not understand why want direct broadcast this surgical operation, but the result of direct broadcast is the Di-Te-Li-Qi doctor< personname w:st=on productid=鍜岃垝鍕?With< personname/>The chest of Mr< personname w:st=on productid=鑸掑嫆>Shu< personname/>Mr has watched"The", so he for self surgical"They are impossible"This story quilt few1983Year2Month24Day " Wei Si Kang4Edition2Page.

銆€銆€1984YearWCBSTelevisionWNBCTelevision station has reported energetically, the public school of Pennsylvania state has tried out , sing all subject that will be studied to student. In television, students put on walkman , hear rock and roll, and lyric is that the 8 big groups of a speech draft becomes part. Put forward Qiao Ke of this suggestion.Mr Hengdesen is planing to also fit mathematics, history and English into the plan of rock and roll , hopes to get the favor with larger student with this. In fact, Mr Hengdesen is not the inventor of this idea, genuine inventor is child television studio, their eye of TV festival" sesame street" pass through the produce with expensive cost, attempt to prove that education and amusement cannot be cut apart. But Mr Hengdesen has his different place. " sesame street" is that the process of wanting to prove learning reading may become a kind of relaxed amusement only, and the practice of Pennsylvania state school is to change classroom into the meeting of rock and roll.

The new shellfish virtue virtue of good fortune of horse Sa-Zhu-Sai state has broadcast once to rape the adjudication of case , audiences are hard to seemingly judge this after all is a adjudication still their one happens between like noon soap drama. In Florida state, television station plays some adjudications of different serious degree regularly, including murder, these programmes when people the court play that vision makes up in TV play attracts person more. The purpose of these programme plays is"Educate", stem from same purpose, have person"Repent the"Programme can surely contain the

When United Airlines flies to the airplane of Vancouver from Chicago, a Miss attendant announces that passenger will do a game. On airplane, the passenger who holds the most credit card will win a bottle of champagne, as a result, one comes from the man of Boston so as12Credit card gets victory. The one and sum128The answer of year-old, as a result, have"Department"Indicator light have lit to get up , but nearly, nobody pays attention , attendants busy pass as say machine say joke, have not even more discovered. The time that airplane reaches terminal point , machine go up everybody feel fly to the journey of Vancouver from Chicago is happy really.

銆€銆€< chsdate w:st=on isrocdate=False islunardate=False day=7 month=2 year=1985>1985Year2Month7Day< chsdate/>, "New York Times" has reported.Sending since"In year,", with encouragement, he is supporting and developing the educational contribution that aspect makes. When explaining that he is the what influence for that student has so , style says because of professor:"I have some general acrobaticses, if my blackboard writing has gone to blackboard edge, I can write continuously on wall, students can always fool hall to laugh. The method of how I demonstrate glass member to move runs to one side wall, then from wall, return from springing , run to another surface wall."His student is too.Card shelf nun"Member"Performance. If I.Ao Kang fits , have also imitated such performance in" the song in rain". But know according to me, use in classroom this is second: Hegel has expounded and proved and expounded and proved dialectical law with this kind of method.

Pennsylvania state door Nuo the tight style in religious sect always lives besides the mainstream of American culture. Their religious opposition worships image, that is said, they are to not allow to watch film or take pictures flat. But obviously, their religion has no to prohibit that they watch the film that in which has they image.1984Annual summer, style pulls film company develop duty.Ford plays the role of ) the story of a tight style girl on love. Though local church warning resident does not interfere film take a picture , but some welders or ones finish the work on hand, run to racket flat scene to watch the scene of bustle. In some devout thick grasses that religionist hides in far place, see racket play with telescope. A tight style woman says:"We know the condition of this film"She adds:"But they are not to be interested in person in Ha-Li-Sen."Draw1984Year6Month7The "New YorkAEdition20Page.

1984Annual winter, " official"Make lifetime"Advertisement. This planned goal is that"New medium", from225Cost and the2.5100 million dollars. Have.Sea graceful is the one"My quilt biblical"In" the violin hand on roof" so as play the role of special dimension Ye the Israeli actor that becomes famous holds wave Er will play the role of Ya-Bo-La rarely role. In advertisement, have not mentioned to play the role of the candidate of God , but have person as far as the background of producer is concerned to say that this role is not John.Te-La-Wo-Er-Ta

Yale when1983On the degree grant ceremony of year, have( Mother Teresa1910-), Indian philanthropic worker..Kennedy foundation bonus1979Year Nuo- -Translate note. When she accepts degree with other some humanists and scholars, the applause enthusiasm of audience is but controled very much , even reveals a silk impatience, because of them want to offer the most warm applause to give still when the person of backstage supporter that waits to show up. When host announces her outstanding contribution, many persons have left own seat to gush before Taiwan , want to be away from that great female near point. When Mei Li Er.Si-Te-Li.Si-Te-Li( Meryl Streep, 1949-), American actress, Oscar20Century80Times the most- -Translate note after name have been read- -Translate note the.Huo Pu< personname w:st=on productid=鑽ｈ獕>It< personname/>The person of doctorate says< personname w:st=on productid=闇嶆櫘>It< personname/>Dr.. Because realize how to please audience,.Ka-Wei takes off

In present all the president"Argue", but it is these to argue with forest would and shelf the debate foundation of La-Si can not on the same day language, it is even what debate at all not. Every election person has the time reply of 5 minutes such as"You will adopt"Such problem, then his competitor may make is a minute of to retort. Under this kind of condition, complex wording, ample evidence and logic send not last application, time links syntax had been also lost. But this has no relation, what they care about is that leave impression to audience instead of leaving viewpoint to audience, and this is just television to be good at. The summary after debate usually avoids to carry out comment for the viewpoint of election person, may comment on because of also having no really. Such debate as if is boxing match, key problem is"Who has", and the answer of"Style" -Their exterior how to, their expression in the eyes how to, how they smile , to say witty remark. Same year the president Reagan when in and Fu in Ci second site debate, the president Reagan has said a witty remark of very excellent sentence when having been asked about his age, as a result, second day has the few newspaper that reveals Reagan to use his joke to defeat in his competitor Fu Ci. Thus it can be seen, the leader of free world is selected by the people of television times.

Having all these have proved point , that is our culture has begun to adopt a kind of new way handling general affairs, especially important general affairs. As the boundaries of non amusement field and amusement field become , do not more and more divide , the nature of cultural language has also changed. Our Father and the president, our the doctor and lawyer, our domestic education and news announcer, all do not care about , how to take the duty in field, the attention of how to have more has changed direction to let self become more last mirror. Europe writing.Uncle forest has a famous song, so.The prophet like He Xu Li. He should so" There ' s No Business Like Show BusinessNo what profession), it is been" ThereS No Business But Show Business "(Have no other).- -Translate

Stretch your

Television advertisement is people40Year American/In her life,10010 thousand/Before she receives1It is 10 thousand and advertising. So, we may surely deduce that television advertisement has influenced the thought habit of American deeply. Certainly, we prove easily that it has also become the structural pattern of the various languages of the public, but the purpose with me will prove it to destroy political language. To accomplish this better, perhaps, we should first discuss the role that it produces for the very business.

When.Ao Kang fits in about the novel.Si-Kai fragrance pause hopes to instruct him1966Year,.Reagan has used"Politics as"Special Lu,1980Annual the president1981, it263Page.

Though, sports competition has become a branch of amusement field, but some essences of its intrinsic still let Si-Kai the understanding of fragrance pause for politics makes one pleased more than the metaphor of Reagan. No matter in which kind of sports competition, player and audience have common recognition for excellent standard, the reputation of sportsman along with distance this standard is far and near rise and fall. Sportsman is excellent and Fou can not pretend easily, this signifies David.Add0.218Attack ball rate hard promotion"Who is the most"As the problem of a opinion poll, have.Na-Fu-La-Di-Luo baby

We still notice perhaps that the match audience on-the-spot usually knows well the meaning of the regular as well as every movement of match. The condition in full base next 3 attacks not in make the batsman of department , is impossible to let audience believe that he makes a useful matter for his team. Even if picture Howard.Department squeezes in Er the person who so indulges in verbiage and abuses words , in will not also obscure to attack ball neutralization not , score and lose minute , serve a ball to score and serve a ball the difference between fault. If politics real picture sports competition, so, it at least has so some advantages: Is clear at a glance , is just and honest , surmount is ordinary.

If Luo.Is the metaphor of Reagan correct, so political and can have which advantage? Amusement field is not to not think that it is ordinary to surmount , but its major purpose is to please audience, its major strategy is to utilize skill. If politics is true, picture is amusement, field and so its purpose are not to pursue to be clear at a glance , are just and honest and surmount is ordinary, and it is so to accomplish to look picture. This is another yard matter completely. This another yard matter may be described with a word:"It". When.Wheat g1968In the works of annual nun g loose election " sell the president ", he has made many comments for politics and advertisement. But he has no relation of limit politics and advertisement yet, though, it is a kind of base behavior that makes one be shocked to sell the president, but this is still a part under big background only: In America, television advertisement has become the most essential symbol of political language.

Television advertisement is people40Year American/In her life,10010 thousand/Before she receives1It is 10 thousand and advertising. So, we may surely deduce that television advertisement has influenced the thought habit of American deeply. Certainly, we prove easily that it has also become the structural pattern of the various languages of the public, but the purpose with me will prove it to destroy political language. To accomplish this better, perhaps, we should first discuss the role that it produces for the very business.

Passing in order to most- -Music, drama, image,- -Television advertisement for capitalism ideology has gone on from" capital theory" the most fierce attack since publication. For understanding in which original from, we should remember that capitalist and scientific and free democracy is the same , are the outcome of the Enlightenment. Capitalist theoreticians believe that buyers and sellers should have considerable mature degree , know enough message , then carry out mutual mutually beneficial trade reasonablely, these are capitalist and basic. If greediness is the fuel of capitalist locomotive, reason should be the driver of locomotive. Basis this theory, the competitive requirement in market buies person to not only want to know what product is good for him, and to know what product, it is good. If seller has produced the thing that has not worthed , so according to the law of market, he should defeat. They think that buyer's rational encouragement competitor becomes winner , and urges winner to make progress constantly. When buyer can not make reason the condition of decision takes off , law should intervene make trade invalid, for instance through establishing law , prohibit that child signs contract. America even has the product that a law asks seller to introduce them truthfully , because if buyer can not get the true message of related goods, they make reason the ability of decision will also get infringement greatly.

Is natural, the very capitalism operation also have contradictory place. For instance, Ka-Te-Er has weakened capitalist theory with monopoly, television advertisement does it , get a complete mess. Lift the most simple example of one: It is any to ask , no matter business is still other, if will arouse the notice of others, must term speech expression comes out; Say more accurately that is to come out with the way expression of statement, because of this language world the basis of being just us to judge for mistake. If we have abandoned this language world, so, practice inspection and logic are analysed or the tool of any other reasons will lose meaning.

Since19End of the century is20Century50In times, language form has nearly disappeared from commercial advertisement. Through the basis that substitute language and image advertisement make influence force become the merchandise of consumer preference with image, it does not be the inspection of practice. It is rational run in the opposite direction long ago with advertisement, we have nearly forgotten , have still had some contact between them. Today, the language statement on television advertisement is rare ,also lacks attraction. Advertising business says that it is not important to be true or false , for instance, in the advertisement of McDonald's, has no viewpoint of verify that accords with logic , inside has plenty of handsome male beautiful female business Hamburg , enjoy the performance of Hamburg, as well as they because of self good transport show come out is wild with joy. Nobody expresses any opinion, have only audience self in from advertisement performance find some feeling. You may like also may disagreeable television advertisement, but you can not deny its might.

Perhaps, we may so say: Television advertising object is not the quality of product , but is those qualities of product consumer. Movie star, famous sportsman and peaceful lake water , is leisure to fish , the elegant family preparation luggage of happiness and the episodes of dinner and romance goes to country picnic- -All these have not mentioned at all the product that will be sold , but in the future, it is consumer's and horrified let with dream when in which. What advertising business need to know is not that product has what benefit , but is the problem that buyer has what. So, the focus of enterprise expense has turned to market research from product development. Television advertisement draws enterprise from the product with valuable production to try to make consumer's feeling product valuable, this signifies that the business of enterprise has become a kind of fake therapy, consumer has become trust psychological performance therapy performance therapy: A kind of treat the method of mental diseases through developing drama, when implementing , is taken charge of by patient concerning the role of my case, when the help of other patients and doctors low-down extemporaneous performance, in order to receive the curative effect of nursing psychology.- -Translate

Have all these.This dense is a accident,.Ao Wei Er feels surprising,.This level fit"New"Inspiration"The wording". Is but Ao Wei Er when in his famous"It is invalid"Form , what he wants to say is that though, politics is septic, but it will still continue with a kind of distinct language, pattern exists. The object that he disdains is those politicians of customary propaganda and deception, he has not thought of"It is invalid"May become a kind of amusement way. What

Television advertisement is to mould the important tool of modern political viewpoint expression way, this embodies mainly in two aspects. First, political election has adopted the form of television advertisement gradually, about this, I feel no necessity describes too many. Everybody different degree land notice has gone to this, and have expressed worry. Predecessor mayor John of New York city.Forest match"It". Even television commentator.Mo Ye Si30In the president of second clock " have mentioned this problem. The knowledge of my self for television advertisement comes the self one time personal experience before some years, then I have participated in La-Mu-Sai in New York.Clark for.Merchant Wei Ci senator election. Clark the political language of very superstition tradition pattern, he has prepared a opinion book meticulously , has given definite viewpoint for concerning nuclear force from race to a series of problems such as Middle-East situation. In his opinion book, have been filled with historical background and economic and political information, it has very open sociology visual angle. But he should still draw some caricatures perhaps. In fact, we can say elegant each cloth.Merchant Wei Ci have used caricature really. We do30Second clock television is advertising, in these advertisements, he has utilized the visual means such as the advertisement of McDonald's, enrich own expression into a experience , honest devout person. Know according to me, merchant Wei Ci with La-Mu-Sai.Believe as Clark that is rational and important , but he believes the importance of senator location more. He knows clearly that we are in a what times. He understands , when a television and other visual mediums in occupation the world of important position"Political"It is to signify image instead of writing. Final result has also proved that he has foresight, he has won seat with the most vote in the state history of New York. Is in America , any cautious election person should invite vivid designer design one for him can go deep into the image of popular feeling, for this, I do not think of commonplace. I want to return , arrive"It is"This meaning subject come , but before it is

Because television advertisement is a kind of alternating"Accept", denote us already regard as"Philosophy", denote the nature of television advertisement about exchanging have formed with the unique viewpoint that other mediums( especially print writing) are different. Television advertisement is insisted with the most brief way , is even the way that passes in a twinkle in other words.60The advertisement30It is fussy15Second20The advertisement of second is just happened finally. If as if I am preceding to say , television advertisement is to satisfy the psychological needs of audience, so, such advertising structure is astonishing and rash really. It not only may is called as"Therapy", and"Instant". It is this kind of and advertising to have put forward a unique psychology principle: All problem may solve , all problem may be solved fast, their fast solution will have the aid of technology, skill and chemistry. This theory when any person is seems surely absurd , but television is advertising to despise detailed explanation, because so, both spend time and can recruit different opinion. If audience still takes the trouble to guess whether the message in which is credible when seeing advertisement, such advertisement can not be advertisement. So, the most advertisements are utilized"Fake"Literature form"The travel"And"The telephone"This kind of fake fable can not only produce the feelings strength of cannot defy , and still has definite sermon as the fable in "Bible". Saying theme of television advertisement is product as if say Qiao story theme incorporated is as dissect whale, it is completely irrelevant. Describe to go deep into point , theme of television advertisement teaches us should how life. , television advertisement has lifelike image, through these images, we may learn relaxedly the thing that advertisement wants religion to give us. There are the thing that many advertisements want religion to give us , if short and small simple message is better than lengthy complex message, performing is better than argue , geting solution method is better than face problem. These viewpoint natures will influence us to treat the attitude of political language , that is said, our meeting regards the viewpoint of transmiting or reinforcing in television advertisement that is concerned with politics somewhat as convention. For instance, one has seen that million advertising audience may think , have political problem may or should get fast solution through simple way; Complex language can not let one trust , the expression way of drama applies to , have problem; Argument lets one feel nausea , and can only let popular feeling be suspicious Huo. Such audience still thinks perhaps that has no necessity, delimit a boundary line between political and other social life forms. Television advertisement the product that may be with sportsman, actor, musician, novelist, scientist or Madame earl for them at all done not know generation speech, television advertisement also lets politicians have gotten rid of own limited professional knowledge. Political figure may do any matter at any time anywhere and will not let the behavior of person for feeling odd, arrogant and conceited or unseasonable. They have deeply blended in television culture as the famous person of the public.

Famous person and.Du Lu Men broad character knows , but he is not famous person. No matter people when see him or hear him, he is talking about politics. It can arise the eye of TV festival in " dagger-axe virtue fortress a " or " in I memory mother " as honored guest if we are nearly impossible to imagine Du Lu Men or Madame he. The politics of then is unconcerned with politician and the eye of TV festival, people watch the eye of TV festival to entertain , instead of for understanding political candidate and their viewpoint.

We are hard to say very much politicians20Century50Times, in.Virtue Ke-Sen senator appears as honored.Kennedy shows.Silent Luo " face to face.Nun g pine has arisen1In hour, long comic programme70In times, the masses begin80In times, political figure.Mi Le uses card for"Watergate"Star Sa Mu.Europe writing also.Ford and predecessor.Kissinger has attended together".Du-Ka-Ji-Si has attended.Ao Ni Er has attended.Fit Germany.Wheat dagger-axe.Department g mayor has upholded".In the television edition film that blocks.Ha-Te senator appearance in"

Though, we can not still say that politician becomes famous person, have made political party no longer important, but we may see the contact between the ebb and flow of official career of different politician clearly. Some readers may still pass , the voter of then nearly knows nothing for runing for person , also has no concept for their personality and private life. When I young one11Month, I as whether the mayor candidate who"What relation"My father"All democratic candidate is stupid"He meaning is , a sensible voter should"Best"When he looks pure is is immature to talk. He never has pretty outstanding figure in doubt Republican Party, but he knows that they will not give a speech for his class. His very appreciation New York level graceful nun association level graceful nun association( Tammany Hall): Set1789A democratic strength- -Translate note.The attitude.The prose1984Annual politics: This in entertain6382Zhang Piao has thrown to the Democratic Party , has two tickets to throw to give, is republican , for this result, he is not glad very much. When appraising the result that this one makes one disappointed , he says:"Kai-Li- seeks me , says that the table support of elder brother of his wife is republican to send , for family harmony, I agree that he throws ticket to Republican Party. But do I want to know that still have as soon as ticket is who, to throw?"Mo Lan,1984Annual politics: This1984, it122Page.

I do not want to, here, discuss the wisdom that shows in these sand sharp writing words. Perhaps really, somebody can throw ticket disregarding the discrepancy of party grouping to the best candidate in his mind( though I still do not know have such condition). What I want to say is that television can not tell us that who is best candidate. In fact, if we think , claim"It"It is to be good at negotiation , is proficient in management , knows well global general affairs , penetratinglies perceive the correlation of various economic systems, so, television foundation can not let us judge that who is stronger than whom, because who strong who weak depend on mainly still"It". But this and not because politicians will be bent on in expression own best image, who does not want to let own image a little bit good? If who does not want to let own image demand person, likes , that he has problem surely. However television damage"It"Reputation, because on television, what politicians give audience is not the image of them , but is the image that audience wants. This is just television advertisement, is for the biggest influence of political language.

To understand how vivid politics plays role on television, we may be point of penetration with a famous advertisement, book Zhang the former part of title is to take from this advertisement. What I point is Shi Di Fu.The shellfish that Huo"Stretch your". It"Certain"Usually, it is far that denoting one is away from us the place of living in red Buddha or the relatives of Los Angeles or Atlanta, but annual we can when Thanksgiving Day sees him. And it is passing , it is this"Certain"In our daily life, it is very important ,"Family"This concept but has person still frequently to warn< personname w:st=on productid=闇嶆仼>Huo< personname/>The advertisement30The advertisement of second is defined again to intimate relation, telephone line has replaced the get-together of old type. This advertisement has even put forward to, by the tool of automobile, airplane and other murder families, do the family that disintegrates a kind of about the new idea of family cohesiveness. After having analysed this advertisement, it is outstanding.Luo Sen has"< personname w:st=on productid=闇嶆仼>Huo< personname/>Mr does not want to express what thing, he has no message needs to transmit. His purpose not want to let all know shellfish Er telephone, is want let all from American life everywhere evidently break to concern is satisfying to know the importance of telephone. .Huo En has not expressed his opinion,"Luo Sen," advertising1984, it162Page.

This is the experience of all successful television advertisement: They create the focus of eye-catching image to one of our slogan, a symbol or one for audience. No matter being the television politics or politics of party grouping, their goal is common. We can not know that who is most qualified for the president or governor or senator, but we know whose image can most mediate and soothe the dissatisfaction in our heart. We look at television screen, in" Snow White and 7 dwarves", ask as vicious empress:"Mirror, the mirror on wall,"We often throw ticket to those persons that2500Year ago, have said that person often moulds God with own image. Now, television is political have again added to recruit recently: Those persons who want to be God mould self into the image of audience expectation.

So, vivid politics is retained on"Personal"Meaning..It can represent the political"Interests"It is to signify- -Support , preferential policy, protection they do not suffer the injury of bureaucrat, support their trade union or association, diligently working family Thanksgiving Day can enjoy the delicious food of turkey. According to such standard, Black is the voter of well developed of American only heart wisdom, other most persons for self interests ballot, but these interestses are symbol , that is said, can only play the part of the role of psychological comfort. As television advertisement, vivid politics is also a kind of therapy, this is why glamour, appearance, fame and personal privacy meeting floods the reason in which so. If we think soberly, we will remember , forest would photograph no one smiles, his wife is mental patient very probably, his me long time also is depressed depressed Gua joyfully. For vivid politics, he is not suitable obviously. Now we do not hope to arise the image of such gloomy and lack delight in our mirror certainly. What I want to say is that as if television advertisement must give up true credible product message to play the part of the role of psychotherapy is the same, it is vividly political to must also give up true credible political content for same purpose.

From this we may deduce , history can not play important role in vivid politics, because of history have only for those believe that in the past, the talent who can nourish now is valuable. Hold horse this.Ka-Lai-Er.Ka-Lai-Er( ThomasCArlyle1795-1881), Scottish prose writer and- -Translate"In the past, it is a"At the time that he writes this sentence words , book- -From its writing process to the statement of its line shape, go to again the past tense that coherent utilizes freely. Ancient is gone , it is so useful that no other any a kind of mediums can let us experience to pass as book. When in one talk of book, Ka-Lai-Er says that history is not only a world , and is the world of a work, illusory is present on the contrary.

But television is a kind of medium that has light-year"It"The matter that occurs been pointing out because so so wanting special term speech in the eye of TV festival, it records before being some months that what we now see record picture. , with its older generation- -Cable is the same, television need to want to play these scattered messages, instead of collect and organize them. Ka-Lai-Er has not also thought that self can have so good foresight: See from the angle of television medium, representative history is just as television screen background any"It is". The times in the politics of amusement

This pool.Mi Luo1980Year Nuo shellfish Er literature award get"Refuse", a example is the 100 last books that had been published deny duration of the Second World War Nazi carries out too big massacre for Jew, such fact is to let one startling really. I feel historian Ka-Er.The viewpoint of Xiao Si Ke hits the mark very much, he says that modern person has become unconcerned for history, because history has no practical value for them. Change sentence words to say , what cause historical disappearance is that people matter does not close Ji attitude, instead of they is stubborn and ignorant. Insider Bill of television field.The words of Mo Ye"I worry about. .Add fuel to the flames land. .Our American24Any matter that60Century60The matter that"Draw1984Year3Month27Day the speech on nation-wide Jew.Mo Lan thinks , when a structure is in the medium of"The message of scattered". Mo Lan,1984Annual politics: This1984, it125Page. We are not to refuse to remember , we have not also thought that history does not deserve to be remembered , the crux of problem lies in we are already gotten by transformation will not remember. Is not only to miss old times if remembering , so language boundary should become memory basic condition- -It is theoretical- -Some may organization and is clear to discriminate the thing of fact. However, image and instant the news that pass can not offer to our language boundary. Mirror can only shine you today wears what clothing, it can not tell us the condition of yesterday. Because have got television, we jump to leap into one and have no the present world of relation in the past. Henry.Ford"History is"Henry.Ford can so say that he should be optimism"Historical"

If these above-mentioned viewpoints still have somewhat reason, the forecast of Ao Wei Er is also at least so wrong for western democratic country. It will disappear if he foresees history, but he thinks that this is that government is , is similar"Truth"Truth department: A government- -Translate note such organization destroies systematicly is for the historical facts of government disadvantage and record. Certainly, this is just the practice of Soviet Union. But the forecast of He Xu Li is close to fact more: Historical disappearance foundation need to not offer a kind of political vivid, instant happy and comfort therapy if this cruel means and the modern technology of mild surface pass for people , can let history disappear also efficiently, perhaps return more perseverance for a long time, and will not encounter any opposition.

We should have the aid of He Xu Li instead of Ao Wei Er , understand the threat that television and other image forms cause for the foundation of democratic country, say more clearly , is the threat for that message freedom causes. Ao Wei Er thinks that government can pass through the stark naked way of especially passing through banned book and suppressing the flow of control message , his guess is very reasonable. His forecast coincides completely with history, because only books become the important tool of message exchange, so no matter is in what place , its metropolis different degree land get interference and ban. In ancient China, Emperor Qin orders to destroy hole the "Analects of Confucius" of son. And Ao Wei De drives out Roman by Ao Gu Si, in which, a reason is because he has written " the art of love". Even if being advocating excellent cultural Athens , people are hard to avoid and terrifying in reading some books. When in" theory press freedom" a book, Mi Er pause Mi Er pause( John Milton, 1608-1674), great British poet, position is- -Translate note have looked back a lot( Protagoras, it481-Contract411), ancient Greek philosopher."Person is", since it is controlled,- -Translate note , he because when one beginning level speech of speech he does not know whether have god in the world get works quilt burn punishment. Mi Er pause pays attention very carefully in, all case before his times, have only two books"Can arouse": A kind of is to blaspheme the book of gods, another( Johnnes Gutenburg, ask14Century90Times- 1468), German craftsman and inventor20Century.- -Translate note 200 years write this book afterwards, know clearly, the officer of law enforcement of his times, if be possible, can ban the books of all subjects. Change sentence words to say , Mi Er pause knows that bans system to, in printing field, find the land used force , in fact, before printing times maturation, message and thought have not become a serious cultural problem. If say a word to write , can produce some dangerousness, so printing come out word will have the danger of a hundredfold. Somebody has realized very early before that printing technique can bring danger , such as 8 Henry lifetimes, his star room court star room court: British court, so as imperious is ruthless and famous1641Abolish- -Translate note had been authorized< personname w:st=on productid=鍚庣殑>After< personname/>Monarch has known this. In these persons, include.In Si-Man has said, in the world of printing technique,

The two predictions- -(1) government2) printing material- -Now is seemed wrong. What Ao Wei Er discusses actually is that one exists in the problem of printing times, this is also the problem that American constitution drafters discussion passes. At the beginning of American constitution establishment, the most free persons are to contact society through leaflet, newspaper or oral language. They exchange the political viewpoint of each other with the way that can be completely controled by oneself within familiar language boundary, so, their biggest worry is possible existent government special system. "Bill of Rights" stipulates government, must not restrict the flow of message and the opinion of the masses. However build country persons no prediction goes to government special system possible quilt additionally a kind of problem replaces , that is said, company's country company's country( corrorate state): Source1970Year America.A.Deny( Charles A. Reich)Disregarding the forestation America that makes- -Translate note have controled the flow of the American language of the public through television. I have no objection( at least is here) for this, I also do not want to have what complaint for company's country..Shelf cloth fits

Television is that the people of the operation of privately owned the Ministry of Culture ( 3 big Broadcasting Corporations ) that a kind of new national religion and they have for being set up unified course, what they lean is the tax revenue concealed. Television opens you will pay money , no matter you are reading , is watching television still, also no matter you want to not want to see. .Draw1982Year4Month26Day the speech on 14 classes of second media ecology145-150Page.

In when a same

Freedom is not to rely on turning off television to realize. Television is the most attractive thing in life for the most persons. We life when a most person will not turn off television in world. If we do not directly get some message from television, we can also get it through other persons.

What I do not think that"The"Person will control our symbol deliberately world. I even doubt that he will also think that even if installing tender uncle shelf alternating institute to take over 3 big Broadcasting Corporations , audiences will not also discover this difference in which. What I believe that he will say is that- -I believe- -In television times,1783Annual message environmental complete difference; What we will worry is that television message excess , instead of the restriction of government; In front of the message of company's national American propagation, we are unable to protect self at all; So this is free the battle of war wants when and before complete different position goes up go on.

I venture to put forward such a viewpoint: Some books had been prohibited to enter school library or is used in teaching, traditional free theory person has expressed strong opposition for this , now seems that their opposition is insignificant. Certainly, the such behavior of banned book lets one repugnant, definite, should encounter opposition. But this is too insignificant really , is even to deceive the public in other words, because it has disturbed the attention of free theory persons , makes them have no time to face those problems concerning new technology. Say simplely that the reading of student is free and have not been prohibited because of the book of long island or A-Na-Hai-Mu or any other places and get infringement, is picture shelf cloth fits to say , television after the reading freedom that has harmed student , still put a pair of innocent appearance. Television is not to prohibit books , but is to replace books.

The struggle19In century, but20Century. The problem that we now face is caused by the economic and symbol structure of television. Those persons who manage television never restrict us to get message , but are to enlarge us constantly to get the channel of message. Our the Ministry of Culture is He Xu Li type, instead of Ao Wei Er type, it wants to let all methods to let us watch television constantly , but what we see is that make a kind of medium of message simplification, it makes message become , have no content , no history and no language boundary, that is said, message had been packed to become amusement. Is in America , we have never lacked amusement own opportunity.

Various special system persons know deeply to pass offer to the amusement of the masses to console the importance of popular feelings, however the most persons in them do not think that people can overlook those things that can not bring them amusement , so, they will often rely on examining system still, and now returns when this. Making persons specially think that people know the difference between serious language and amusement clearly , and can mind this kind of difference, thus examination system is the method that they deal with some serious languages. Current condition is not identical , all political language has adopted the form of amusement , examination system the necessariness of having lost existence , those past kings, tsars and head of states can feel so glad if having known this.

In America, the forecast of Ao Wei Er is seemingly unconcerned with us, and the forecast of He Xu Li is realizing. America is carrying out the experiment of the biggest scale on a world, its purpose is to let people jump into in the various amusement pastimes that the plug of power source brings. This experiment when19Century mid-term goes20The second half leaf of century has entered mature stage through the American and intimate relation that produces between television. On this world, perhaps only American has gotten period clearly for the type times of slow development , and gives television the sovereignty force in every field. Through leading into " television times", America lets world have seen that He Xu Li is that and future as foreseeing.

The warning

Two methods may let cultural- -Culture becomes a prison,- -Culture becomes

We need not others reminds can know , our world has gotten the torture of various prison cultures deeply, Ao Wei Er has already carried out accurate description in his fable for these prison cultural structures. If you read " he 1984 " and" animal farming village", as well as Ya-Se.Department Si-Le " high noon dark ", it is what appearance that you will realize now very clearly on tens of national millions of people's the bodies to develop the machine of the control thought that takes affect. Certainly, Ao Wei Er is not the first person that warns our special system to bring spiritual destruction. But in his works, the most valuable point is , he emphasizes again and again, no matter our jailer person accepts is left-wing ideological still right-wing thought, for having no difference us, it is indestructible as the front door of prison, control the same is strict, go deep into popular feeling as idolatry.

And what He Xu Li tells us is that in the times of a developed science and technology, the enemy who causes spiritual destruction may be a person that beams , it is doubted that instead of those a glance, looking let popular feeling raw with the person of hatred. In when the forecast of He Xu Li"Elder"And have not kept watch on us intentionally,"Truth". If a nation is distracted in miscellaneous trifles, if cultural life is been by new definition amusement go round and round , if the serious dialogue of the public has become immature baby language, in a word, if people degenerate , is passive crowd, all public shapes of general affairs same variety show, so, this nation will discover that self is in imminent danger , the destiny of cultural destruction cannot escape.

In America, the forecast of Ao Wei Er is seemingly unconcerned with us, and the forecast of He Xu Li is realizing. America is carrying out the experiment of the biggest scale on a world, its purpose is to let people jump into in the various amusement pastimes that the plug of power source brings. This experiment when19Century mid-term goes20The second half leaf of century has entered mature stage through the American and intimate relation that produces between television. On this world, perhaps only American has gotten period clearly for the type times of slow development , and gives television the sovereignty force in every field. Pass to lead into"Television", America lets world

It arouses notice , even reaches hoarse degree, that"Coward","Social"Or"Pessimism". They meet with person to misunderstand , because it is at all harmless that they want the thing that others pays attention to to look. The world that Ao Wei Er foretells is identified more easily than the world that He Xu Li foretells , also has reason more to oppose. Our life experience already can let us know prison, and know when prison front door the time of will soon close will resist forcefully. When Mi Er pause , cultivate to root , Fu Er Tai and the spiritual encouragement of these Jie-Fu-Xun older generations and song virtues take off , we can take weapon defence peace surely. But if we have no, do you hear painful cry? Who can take weapon to oppose amusement? When serious language has become joke, we should complain to whom, should complain with what tone? For one because laugh the culture of excessive and physical exhaustion, we can have what to save life effective prescription?

I worry about that our philosopher has not given us any guidance in this respect. They often put forward some definite thoughts according to the bad habit of human nature that everybody knows all , now arise the problem in America but can not classify any ideological system. " my struggle " or " the declaration of the Communist Party " have not announced its arrival , its arising the great change of source selves that popular conversation pattern occurs. But it is a kind of ideological system really, because it brings us a kind of new life style as well as a series of new relation and viewpoint. For all these, we have not expressed agreement , have not also expressed opposition, we have not carried out any discussion, we can only obey. Though, it is passing80In year, we have witnessed technology personally, have1905It will bring what cultural change if the people of year can not foresee automobile, this has no may thick is not. The people of then who can expect automobile will decide how they arrange social life and sexual life, will you change people to use the view of forest and city , make creation to express the new way of our personal identity and social status?

But this current game has gone on very for a long time, if can not still realize the result of game, it is unforgivable. Have gone to this time , will inevitably bring social changes if you can not still realize technology, return when insist that technology is neutral, still think that technology is cultural friend throughout, so, you are too stupid really. From many examples, we have found out that the technical change in communication pattern can influence the ideology of people more than the technical change in traffic pattern. Bring letter into a kind of culture , can change this kind of culture accept to know habit, social relation, social concept, history and religion. Bring the printing machine of printing type into a kind of culture , you may reach same purpose. But if deliver the image of light-year speed to lead into culture , you will start a cultural revolution. No ballot has no dialectical France, no guerrilla forces resist , understand for such a kind of ideology, clearly. This is a kind of ideology that has no writing , and it looks more powerful because of having no writing. Very important persons believe the certainty of social development devoutly, it may exist for a long time. On this meaning, all American is Marxist , because we believe that history is pushing us to the heaven in certain ideal, and technology is just the power that promotes us.

So, for any picture my such work book discussion this problem and think that is in the person of book who puts forward solution method finally , present difficulty can not be exceeded simply. First, and not is have person think that need what solution method; Secondly, perhaps for foundation, do not have what solution method. Is however one genuine American, I believe only difficult will have solution method, so, I think so as following is some to suggest to finish this book.

I think that the first.Graceful virtue when" the 4Luddite):1811Year1816In year, Britain attends in theNed Ludd) start.- -Translate note stand comes to deceive self , this is completely absurd viewpoint. American will not stop using any technical equipment, leting their this be equal to what have not also said. It is also unrealistic, interfere the use of people for medium. Through legislating for the time of restricting television to broadcast and coming with this, many civilized countries weaken the role that television develops in popular life. But I believe that this is impossible in America. Once television this kind of happy medium enters our life, we will not absolutely agree to let it leave an instant. Certainly, or having American, have made try, when I writing duration of this book, "New York Times"(< chsdate w:st=on isrocdate=False islunardate=False day=27 month=9 year=1984>1984Year9Month27Day< chsdate/>) go up have arisen one"Barrier"Article. This time moving about occur is in last year , theme is to let people not to watch television in one month. As " New York Times " report , this time, campaign has aroused the extensive attention of media. Article has quoted Ai Lun.The words of Madame Ba-Bu-Ke-Ke,"Last year, television is for the report that this"Say simplely that Madame Ba-Bu-Ke-Ke hopes that people know through watching television that they should stop watching television. We are nearly impossible to imagine Madame Ba-Bu-Ke-Ke, have not found out that self shows the satiricalness of coming out in stand. It has very repeatedly , has person to let me, on television, propagate the book about opposing television that I write , this is also same and satirical. These are the contradictions of television culture.

Do you do not see in one month what meaning television has after all? At most, this is a kind of ascetic practice. When this local people finish this kind of ascetic practice, return to their daily pastime, they can feel so happy! But we should be their effort applauses, as if we for those restrictions some contents in television- -For instance in, too much- -Effort applause.The suggestion of forest match about prohibiting to play political advertisement on television, as if we now prohibits that smoke wine advertisement is the same. I will be willing very much to prove the numerous benefit of this suggestion in front of federal communication committee. If have person, think that this suggestion has violated constitution first amendment, I am willing to put forward a plan that is satisfactory to both parties: Should broadcast first before play has political advertisement a little statement, according to general knowledge, watch political advertisement to hinder ideological health.

I as whether person can consider this one conscientiously to suggest that do not hold optimistic attitude, I also do not believe what effect those suggestions that aim at raising the eye quality of TV festival can have. Before me, have mentioned that offering pure amusement for us is the biggest benefit of television, the advantage of most terrible it is serious for it to attempt to set foot in language pattern- -News, politics, science,- -Then, change the package of amusement to them. It is to rejoice that if in TV festival, eye becomes terrible , we fall. " applaud " the programme of etc. will not threaten popular ideological health, but " news60Minute " , " witness news

Problem does not lie in us to watch what television , problem lies in that we are watching television. To solve problem, we must find how we see the method of television. I believe that we have reason to say , we for what is television still does not know very much, because of us for"What is"And"How message"This two problems have not carried out ample"Message","Information"And"Message"The words of etc., we feel easily that a silk in which is ridiculous. We have realized obviously that the change of message that form, capacity, speed and background occur signifies some thing, but in addition, we have not thought that are more.

What is message? It has which different form? Can different form bring learning method, wisdom and the knowledge of not same what to us? Can each kind of form produce what spiritual role? What is the relation between message and reason? Is what message most helpful for thought? Has different message form different morals trend? It is what meaning that message excesses? Do we how to know that existent message excesses? Brand-new message source, propagation speed, background and form the cultural meaning of how to ask that new definition is important? For instance, television can give"It","Patriotism"And"Privacy"One new meaning?"It"Point at"It"Have you what difference?

Through these problems as well as more similar problems, American talent negotiates probably with their television. If the use of some medium the dangerousness that person has known it , so, this kind of medium will not be too dangerous. It is been still that those persons who put forward these problems reach the answer similar to me rest with horse Er.The answer as wheat g Lu Han is not important ( a sentence that mentions incidentally , our answer difference great), can suggest that problem is enough. Having put forward problem is to have gotten rid of taboo. I want to replenish politics and the spirit of a sentence and the relevant message of these the problem of and social role for computer is suitable as television. Though, I believe that people have had got enough knowledge for the importance of computer, but I will mention here still, because apparently, the attitude of American for computer also is blindly, others tells them how how, have no a sentence objection. Set a topic for the center of computer technology- -We solution problem- -Nobody has expressed doubt. After many years, we discover that the data collected and retrieved fast in large quantities is very valuable for large-scale organization and organization , but has not solved what important problem for the most ordinary peoples, problem that they bring and that problem can at least solve with them is the same and many.

In a word, what I want to point out is , have only the deep structure and effect and that realizes message lastingly , the mysterious sense of eliminating for medium, we may just get the control of some degree for television or computer, or any other mediums. But how should we cultivate this kind of medium consciousness? In my the brain, have only two answers: One is pure to belong to sheer nonsense, our horse goes up may veto; The hope of another success is remote, but this is we only some method.

That answer that has met with veto is to create a kind of new-type eye of TV festival, its purpose is to tell how people should watch television , demonstrates to people how television defines and changes our view for the aspects such as news, political debate and religious thought again instead of leting people stop watching television. I think , such demonstration should imitate " Saturday night life" such form, its result is let the people of the whole country when in a laugh know that television is for the control of the language of the public. However, is very natural, smile arrives final is still television. To strive for enough audience, these imitation programmes must also have very strong amusement, that is said, will rely on the strength of television self finally still for the criticism of television. The imitation person in those programmes may become famous person , can appear in film, finally, returning on television again serve in commercial advertisement.

The method of that remote hope relies on since theoretically the only popular medium that can solve this problem: Our school. This is American solution all dangerous social problems the traditional method of adoption, natural this will depend on the effectiveness of people for education whether maintenance a kind of innocent faith and deified. This kind of method seldom takes effect. For this problem that we discuss , we have no reason more to look to school , can help us to solve. After all, for type in when mould culture the role of having risen, our school has not been in time to think deeply yet. Really, even you allow , have500Annual error,100High school student"Letter is invented". I doubt that the most persons even do not know that letter is invented by person. I discover , the meeting after many persons hear this problem a face is ignorant, as if the problem that they hear is"Tree is invented"Or"Cloud is invented"It is the same. This.Palestinian refer in particular to , mythology

But we have reason still, do not lose confidence. Educational are not to have not noticed that television is for the influence that students produce. Because of the arrival of computer, it is some that they begin to have produced"Medium". However, this kind"How we control education using"This problem"How we control television("Go up. But we put forward to solve measure , should have leading consciousness, otherwise do you still want what dream? , it is the responsibility that school cannot shirk to help young person to study the symbol of how to decipher culture , will accomplish this, student should learn to drift apart some message forms. We hope that school should incorporate such task into the center that even becomes education in course.

The solution method of suggesting with.Qiao.Wei Er this.Qiao.Wei ErHerbert George Wells, 1866-1946) British writer, major works have science fiction" time-Class shelf " and- -Translate note is the same to believe , we are being in the contest of education and disaster, he composes book unremittingly to emphasize that understanding medium is political the necessariness of and medium epistemology. Finally, he attempts to tell us in" beautiful new world", what people feel pain is not that they have replaced thought with laughter, is they do not know why self smiles as well as why do not think deeply.