It is western( abbreviation medium) especially American medium starts a international trend of beginning in 20 century in 90 decade, with American medium, mad fried Xin Pu Sen kills wife case , Diana dead princess as well as the president Clinton red smell case to mark.Medium analyst is this, Ba-Lu-Di would describe this<1>( p.57).Its major expression in two aspects: One is to allow deviation soft news in or make effort to make rigid news soften. Its symptom for the proportion that reduces serious news , will famous person Qu matter, daily incident and tape arouse enthusiasm the soft contents such as sex, the criminal news of stimulate, violence incident, calamity incident, sport news and lace news the focal point as news, 2 is showing nominal, emphatic story and circumstances , keeps close to sex from the appropriateness in initial emphatic hard news writing by addition of favor taste factor and reinforcement , develops to pursue interest and the drama mystery of attraction and reinforced incident or the aspect that is aroused enthusiasm and is stimulated blindly unilaterally, go to news story to melt , news literature road<2 >( p.77).
EnterIn 90 decade, accompany the marketization reform of the popular medium of our country, the economy of our country also lasts to develop fast, people's living standard rises apparently, consumerism idea is current gradually, medium has acted as consumerism in this process advocate person and supporter, more and more get the control of commercial logic, the absolutely most of news expressions that it reports are stronger and popular , amusement melts , popularization trend, this propagates the situation of credulous breath and heavy educational light amusement to some extent blindly again for changing the medium content of our country, accomplishing people to love is helpful for place very much. But at the same time, have also produced some negative effects , show in news excessively emphatic popularization with fight market, result trend Mei custom melts; Emphasize the attraction of content too, go to amusement to melt even news amusement the road that melts.
A, news amusement
The medium of our country has superstructure and the double attribute of information industry , is possible only to go to appropriate marketization roads, but some mediums of our country is guarded for attracting the attention of crowd, wining more advertising income, having crossed the bottom line of medium appropriate marketizations, having deviated the value of news professional doctrine and holding. Some mediums or is fond of in speculative famous person Yi smell , the different matter of intriguing story, or is fond of will the focusing of camera lens the metropolis solely strange land trifles of common people that are away from , or is fond of in the pursuit of the incidents such as homicide and pornography, the sensation with momentary pursuit effect, hold in momentary profit; It is groundless that some media even stints no effort , raise obstacles and make false news, with winding odd attraction crowd. This gives the social, negative influence that crowd as well as medium self bring greatly.
1, influencing people to know the outside world correctly occur the truth of incident , have hindered the correct decision-making of people , even influence the development of economic society. Do not doubt , news produce in the needs that people know surroundings change , is just basis the message of these changes, people then can tend to advantage to avoid harmfully rational decision-making and adopt corresponding action, therefore the mission of news lies in " inform ". Say vividly, the needs of society propagation as if the needs of person eye is the same, society will first realize the road under foot before taking a step , accomplishes " know well " <3 >( p.13). It is considered that America propagates to study founder Shi La Mu , , , , popular propagation message may when all level of society makes decision-making, organization working, learning technical ability, , , , developing country only uses popular propagation medium efficiently the fast propagation tool of this message, it then can be prospective to offer the message needed by development plan<4 >( p.251). Because of hard news people very strong timeliness and the importance of daily life, it can satisfy the message requirement that people produce based on decision-making needs, therefore theoretically hard news are the message demands with major crowd always. Is in rapid social transition in current our country for period, crowd for the demand of serious political, economic news and the explanation messages of overall situation and structuralness than with any time is strong. And news amusement melts , have deviated the primary function that news offer the environment of message and inspection , have weakened the essence of the reconstruct incident truth of news , must produce negative influence for the economic social and personal development of our country.
2 , amusement melts message place Yun the behavior way and values of anesthesia role for individual that contained can produce certain degree negative influence. American scholar pulls to tie Si-Fei-Er-De and silent pause , think that modern popular propagation has " obvious anesthesia role ". Think that crowd over indulges in the common amusement and message of surface layer that medium offers , will reduce to participate in the enthusiasm of social practice actively , and satisfies in" passive knowledge accumulation" <5 >( p.116). Because of medium intervention do not pay attention for person, this kind of passiveness, crowd consciousness does not arrive , they consider as voluntary, active, that is said, crowd is in " a kind of collective unconscious ". This has proved the "alienation" thought that Marx puts forward. Marx thinks , , , , alienation is unconscious in other words, because in fact people do not recognize self is quilt alienation<6 >( p.67). This kind of alienation( crowd excessiveness wallows in in medium contact can not recover , satisfaction move mutual with the fictitious society in medium evade realistic society to move mutual as well as is lonely , from the sociality shelf closed ). On the other hand symptom is identify blindly in medium to build Gou " medium reality", value and behavior choice everything must seek basis from medium. In reality stressing expression is: Teenagers identify values as well as the life style of movie and television and advertising figure blindly, indulge in pornography and violence frame , cause it to be blindly vie on consumption , in marriage loves do not take the responsibility , in place matter ill use violence etc. lose Fan behavior. Is other, this kind of identification and imitation come for the peasant worker that goes into town to be engaged in industry speech, cause lose Fan behavior is more serious. Silent pause thinks , lose Fan arising between the means and goal identified by society come apart<7 >( p.124). Peasant worker melts because of the urban and rural binary structural edge of the social status caused, when amusement melts in front of message the low huge contrast of consumer desire and realistic purchasing power that advertisement especially makes, can often adopt to lose Fan behavior comes to satisfy it by the consumer desire of stimulate. Make statistics according to relevant department, the most city steal and robber crime is go into town peasant worker is.
3 , news amusement the masses that melt to fold to shoot culture clears up the mainstream of our country culture with elite culture. What popular culture is pointed at is that " in in industrial society arising , with metropolis the masses are consumer object , pass through modern propagation medium propagation , according to the batch production of market rule , concentrate the culture of the perceptual amusement that satisfies people "<8 >( p.165), embody the feature of amusement, commercial nature and consumerness. Should say , popular culture when objective go up the humane care of the desire of release person, the amusement natural instinct of return person, embodiment secular life and realistic life aspect, it is a kind of progress of times development. But popular culture is the popular culture that popular medium popularizes under the stimulate of commercial motive after all, often market " a kind of low horizontal satisfaction " , set off a kind of extravagant hedonism atmosphere , spread a kind of body desire language , mislead the noble spiritual pursuit of social member , clear up to some extent to take the mainstream culture of the ideology dominance position of our country , also clear up to pay attention to humanity value , advocate the elite culture of ideological independence, the seriousness of ethics and artistic creativity.
4 with news professional doctrine theory( abbreviation news theory), submit to in the news amusement that commercial logic theory( abbreviation market theory) operate to melt , have harmed the public letter force of medium to some extent. Under market theory produce news have embodied produce low cost , the quantity for the goal crowd of valuable advertising business the characteristics such as the non objectivity of biggest, news report. Through entertaining melting operating news naturalness land satisfaction this some conditions. Amusement melts news discovery saves effort , the stories of form and its content melt , Mei custom melts and arouse enthusiasm to melt the attention that can attract oldest most person , and since it has strong feelings color, makes its subjectiveness stronger. This kind of produce market theory of news just with news theory existent conflict. News theory stresses on satisfaction the most citizens " know the facts right " offer message , in the news process of making , need not haggle over to make cost get valuable news , do not mind message to attract the scope of crowd , and it is true that report makes great effort , is objective and just. This kind of theory that makes news is also just the justice in the problem of media public letter force. Medium public letter force embodies in the true, noble and 3 authoritative essential factors of news. Through entertaining melting operating news can not satisfy the requirement of this 3 essential factors to some extent , will surely so harm medium in society with the public letter force in crowd.
2 , guard against news
Though, it is related that news amusement melts to produce the political, economic, cultural psychological demand of crowd that has deep social reason and our country , but news amusement melts the operating main part of behind is media, so guard against news amusement to melt phenomenon must start with from standard media behavior. The medium critics of our country have put forward some kinds of schemes , but operate to have certain difficulty.
1 , reinforcement for the news professional doctrine education of news employee. This kind of practice deserves to be advocated , but news professional doctrine can become a kind of realistic existent thing, benefit in marketization operation in the utilization of news field, because of marketization operation help news field has realized economic independence, and this kind of economic independence is the clothing edible parents who rely on advertising business - - medium. So, news professional doctrine is impossible to restrict news amusement the overflow that melts. American expert Ba Ge Di ridge has pointed out , American news medium never possess as today as this many professional journalists who have gotten regular education , but the proprietor of an enterprise that seeks profit blindly is in charge of to continue , bring enterprise to be far away from the another direction of high-quality news field.
2, appeal medium managerial personnel will realize own social responsibility. But this kind of scheme not president issue pools effect, now, news department is a branch of medium only , must obey the operation strategy of serving in medium; And more and more medium manager persons have the academic background of the special field of business administration, have no any news since examine already, we can not look to he / they accept such viewpoint, it can harm the public letter force of medium self , so makes its abandonment attract the news of advertising market and the market of consumer ( crowd ) to entertain to melt to operate if news amusement melts.
3, hope that government is for the management of news medium vigorously. But so, can again cause administrative power too much interference medium general affairs , influence autonomous right and the independence of news medium , disturb newspaper-man and the news of editor are sensitive and judgment, so, influence on the contrary the news that medium offers high quality , have violated to solve the original intention of problem.
4, popularize the new technology and wired transmission technology " it is narrow to broadcast "( as internet and cable television). Hoping to make medium press " minimum cm mother" the news programme of design does not get rich profit , avoids that excessive news amusement melts , but new technology can not also guarantee to will inevitably bring high-quality news<9 >( p.305). Now, it is developed that message
3 and medium accomplishment
Compared with some kinds of above-mentioned schemes, this text thinks , strengthening the medium accomplishment education of crowd is a kind of guard against news amusement to melt the strong means of phenomenon, and it is also a kind of long effect mechanism. Medium accomplishment education is a kind of more new educational theory that develops around the carrier of message in message society - - the related content of medium and that training people how to control message. Specific, medium accomplishment education has medium use and the message that it transmits is educational source material, training receives to educate person become to have criticism land the person who selects, analyses, differentiates and absorbs the ability of medium and medium message , so become can transmit the person of message more accurately through medium. Canadian medium accomplishment expertPat Kipping says: Medium accomplishment education can make one become message times good citizen. The person who has medium accomplishment knowledge knows the property of medium message , exaggerates the interests of feelings and medium for the realistic property founded again with skill to divide to become. Additionally, the person who has medium accomplishment ability has ability choice correct message and amusement channel; Contact suits the own medium message of how to is helpful to develop own advantage, know that make appropriate reaction for the various messages of contacting with.
1, medium accomplishment education can be heavy to mould crowd demand, torsion news amusement melts the crowd sight of behind. News amusement melts the motive power of behind the pursuit of being medium for economic interests - - medium first attracts crowd attention, then, resell this kind of attention to advertising business in order to earn profit. It based on such a kind of crowd sight: " crowd is consumer's ". The behind of this kind of crowd sight is the ideology of market guidance( finger should the entrustment of business organization, how research enlarges offset to cost the influence of person, for medium whether the responsibility as social public ware does not consider completely) that lucky special forest describes<10 >( p.62). It is biggest actually for medium to be to try <11 >( p.56). The guidance in this kind of crowd sight takes off , medium for the most extensive universal interest of the crowd who selects to stress on satisfaction as "consumer" of news. Japanese famous social psychology and propagation study domestic Qing Shui Ji too Lang think , extensive universal interest is also to surmount the stratum of person, group and the interests of social attribute such as occupation and educational background , is to like, commit a crime, conflict and hunt for novelty with sex to wait for relevant instinct interest at bottom simply<12 >( p.172). Obviously, this kind of crowd sight is caused easily to propagate the amusement of content to melt and vulgarization. Medium accomplishment education is a kind of ability training. American medium accomplishment research center thinks that medium accomplishment is that people face the ability of selecting in medium various messages, understanding ability, query ability, assessment ability, creation and the ability of making as well as thinks the ability of reflecting of discriminating. The crowd who has this kind of ability can select rationally the news that are of high quality , and coldlying treat process to entertain to melt the news of package. The medium system of market guidance has a advantage i.e. it that must satisfy the demand of consumer. News medium stems from consumer( crowd) market the consideration of and advertising market, must produce the news that are of high quality. So, crowd will have the aid of the strength of market to urge medium to raise news quality , so make medium change its crowd sight - - transforms the crowd in medium eye into from "consumer" " rational citizen ", and transform the propagation relation between both into from original business relation to serve relation , have accomplished really from" biography person standard" to " get person standard " return. Is so, news amusement the phenomenon that melts will be inevitable to get containment.
2 , medium accomplishment education can make crowd realize news amusement to melt the deep layer of behind moves since, the criticism force that raises its phenomenon that melts for news amusement. It may understand from 3 factors if news amusement melts to produce the deep layer reason that is current: Economy goes up , popular medium for the pursuit of economic interests is news amusement the phenomenon that melts the motive power of arising; Politics goes up , official will tacitly consent to is news amusement the phenomenon that melts can continued existent realistic condition; Culture goes up , popular culture popular have offered gentle soil for news amusement to melt. Knowledge is political, economic, is also just the duty of medium accomplishment education with the cultural influence for medium and medium message. 1933, British scholar ER, Li-Wei-Si and his student red nun this, Sang Pu Sen has published cultural criticism work " culture and environment: Training criticism consciousness ". They think , burgeoning popular medium under commercial motive the popular culture popularized, market " a kind of low horizontal satisfaction " , have corroded elite culture , and produce various negative influences for the growth of teenagers. Therefore educational circle should train the medium criticism consciousness of training teenagers , makes it differentiate and resist the bad influence of popular medium. Later stage, medium accomplishment education surmounts the category of cultural protectionism gradually, emphasize a kind of decipher normal form. This kind of new normal form is from symbol start with with structure , often use certain coding in the process that lets student understanding medium be propagating popular culture make mythology with decode rule, as well as control crowd so as reach it to seek profit purpose or guide crowd accepts some ideology guidance. Canadian famous medium accomplishment educational expert John q Pang gold thinks specially, medium is to imply commercial motive, ideology and values as well as society always and is political to tell to beg. So, the crowd who has medium accomplishment can melt through news amusement to show as see its behind politics and economy between and culture wrestle , such they can criticism land treat news amusement to melt phenomenon, strengthen news amusement to melt the immunity force of negative influence.
3 , the news that medium accomplishment education is helpful for crowd to supervise medium amusement melts behavior, optimization medium is environmental. The of Chinese medium university opens the article of associate professor in her " media accomplishment education in message times " in point out: " medium accomplishment is a brand-new concept, its purpose makes the masses become can actively good uses medium and manufacture medium product , for omnipresent message have the excellent quality of main will and independent thought citizen. Its development and that raises social cultural quality and the society of sound citizen is closely linked. " Taiwan Zheng big propagation institute medium accomplishment research department defines medium accomplishment is: " medium accomplishment finger the masses can decipher medium , think to discriminate medium and appreciation medium , and then come using medium sound production, establish the medium cultural grade of community again , and know responsibility and the propagation right of citizen. " pass through two above-mentioned definitions we may find out , via the crowd of medium accomplishment education, may influence and optimize medium environment. Medium accomplishment has given crowd higher responsibility and active right, make crowd rising go to " medium citizen" really - - ability carries out the citizen of public supervisor by addition of information production and good with medium. Is in front of the crowd who has the consciousness of " medium citizen " , news amusement the phenomenon that melts will not be also all right its road.
Close Language
The emphatic news amusement of this text melts , is for society and the negative influence of individual, and not say that news amusement melts no its positive meaning, explains news amusement to melt if surpass certain limit will cause news Mei coarse and low custom melts , give society bring with individual negative influence; And how to hold news amusement the degree that melts is media and news are from the problem that field person should think deeply well. Though, the current times background and medium marketization and popular medium of our country are practiced , make the medium of our country for now when amusement and the vulgarization on propagation content melt to have the certainty of transition issue. But we should also know soberly that this kind of phenomenon is ask appearance with times Bei, have broken away from the actual needs of social development. This text, from the visual angle of medium accomplishment education, watches the phenomenon that melts according to news amusement , and explains that medium accomplishment education is for crowd , medium and the important meaning of society. Is natural, guard against news amusement to melt phenomenon not only medium accomplishment education is important, some kinds of above-mentioned schemes Tong join use effect meeting is better.
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