Keyword: Landscape
Prospect and the
Landscape design a word is popular in recent years , has seemingly become a important label of the level on class on the construction of urban planning. Landscape design is designed to the overall image of city , is designed specifically to city node as city square, city park, bank river hydrophilic space, street landscape, street green land and resident district environment and so on; Little go to sculpture short artistic creation, planting disposition and pond colored pool , cover the ground fence and table stool dustbin, nearly, cover everything of outdoor image art. Landscape design more and more gets welcome and attention , is the inevitable result of socioeconomy development , is that people pay attention to the direct embodiment of environmental quality increasingly. 20th world architect meeting goes up , professor Wu Liang Yong thinks in the theme report of " the prospect architecture of the intersection of two centuries does not pick ": Generalized building should move towards building and land the combination of scene and urban planning. Famous architectural commentator and American Colombian university Fu orchid general ( Kenenth Frampton) professor when another theme report " 7 millenary problems: One not at the right moment in declaration " also think: Overall application land scene strategy, can improve the cultural and ecological feature of the society of entire urbanization region efficiently. Two above-mentioned reports the land mentioned scene, the author thinks that landscape is designed. May find out , in future urban construction, it will be inevitable tendency to apply the means of landscape design to improve ecological environment and the culture of city.
Reviewing the landscape design of current stage, feeling design market is pretty disorderly, have to pass off the sham as the genuine make. At the same time , there are different mood for the knowledge of this profession in society, developer lacks certain foresight more from commercial speculation, and the administrative intervention of management department often makes excellent works habit abort; The impetuous psychology that landscape designer has generally also makes elaboration difficult look for. Above-mentioned various present situation makes reduction the deep sense landscape design of the author is going to person mistake district.
The mistake
Mistake district
The non-standardEducateAnd market
( 1) name
In this field, before, spoil to claim " garden" or " scenery garden " afterwards lead into the law of claiming of America to call " landscape building"( Landscape Architecture), afterwards, it is fashionable to call " environmental landscape design" , also has person to call " environmental design" or" landscape design", , , recently according to professor Wu Liang Yong's, wording again calls " land scene ", actually, the which kind of law of claiming is more definite and more reasonable , makes it accord with national conditions to again want, conform with world and the relevant department where is convenient for professional name and is afraid the Ministry of Construction has to come to be in charge of this matter. It may be " landscape designer" surely or abbreviates " landscape teacher" if the author inclines in the France of claiming of " landscape design " , so has convenient title. The unification of name is very important, name just obey , in other words, it is the prerequisite of profession standard. So in future urban construction, landscape designer will realize Wu Liang Yong really with independent and important role and architect and the teacher close cooperation of urban planning to instruct the conception of " 3 one bodies ".
( 2) education
Landscape design professionalNowIs engaged in this occupation graduate mostly in the garden department of forestry college( emphasis forestation) and the scenery garden special field of the college of urban construction( emphasis building and program) the environmental artistic special field of, artistic college( emphasis short artistic creation and image)( present urban construction and reason work college already do not set up scenery garden special field, this special field still exists in forestry college - - editor), to see from the present scope that landscape design is concerned with , it should be that the synthesis of 3 kinds of above-mentioned special field even has higher requirement. Landscape design special field should have clearly perfect teaching outline , conforms as far as possible with world, establish a series of from field standard, eventually, carry out and construct , urban planning is the same to hold field registered system, thorough realization profession standardize management.
( 3) market
Landscape product has its particularity and building to compare , has been few a lot safe( such as fire control etc.) aspect requirement, and it has the greater may transformation, the responsibility of bad aftermath is also less, these characteristics the intervention that has caused each aspect grows. At the same time, it is tight that construction responsible department checks on for the management of human quality of landscape design and construction( may be used to be under construction if having no the picture blueprint that is signed and does not be stamped ). Individual construction troops often possesses market with the way of managing of free design as well as flexibility, especially small to medium sized project. The scheme of and large and medium-sized project recruits to enter a bid is also many and non-standard, commenting the professional accomplishment of member make one doubt. Under this kind of relatively disorderly market situation, the quality of landscape works again why guarantee?
2 mistake district
"class" is the philosophyProblemHappen on the understanding for "class", "class" had been often understood for grand manner or investigates with the luxury of material, it signifies the input of plenty of financial resourceses. Policymaker often when the beginning of project has decided high-sounding words , no matter this place in entire city environmental system location. Here, surface has two problems: One is the so huge input of financial resources whether the social benefit with corresponding arising? 2 is this place whether the ambient conditions that has really " class"? Before remembering some years on the program meeting of a green land of inland river of two side, certain lead instructs to establish " France squeeze in to fit river ", two side does not go to the green tape of lOm width as well as the river course with serious product dirt in average, how to embody squeeze in to incorporate river view? Our country is developmentChinaHome, national conditions decision we want to let limited fund develop biggest benefit. There are after all the landscape of class and creative elaboration on few needs, more landscape wants us to treat with ordinary mood.
The 3 mistake district
Landscape designer I on this will undertakeStudyThe problems such as style, tactic and form often regard establishing rear image as the biggest goal of design pursuit. A architectural works we its emphatic function many persons may understand , often neglect its function for landscape design people happy road in its nominal America, even equate function such as rest table chair and fair is over land and campaign square this kind of most basic demand. This kind of function of " the type of the basic need " is considerable satisfaction certainly for the masses of citizen that lives for a long time under bad environment , the word praised so not unique ear, policymaker, builder and designer need not say that have deeply intoxicated in this kind of atmosphere. This beautiful mistake district has match conceal sex and since bully sex.
Here, the author
( 1) design before, we should consider the landscape of self
( 2) when same the fund input of quantity takes off , our function that may change completely " the type of the basic need" for" well-off standard type" even" rich type", and it does not be cost with sacrifice landscape America.
( 3) say this mistake district, I remember the certain part of certain city to divide vehicle , bring the net landscape of iron wire seen , the construction on this kind of military affairs tactic had been continued to useItCity landscape comes , deeply prick pain the heart of masses of citizen. The author understands the deep motivation of management department very much , prohibits repeatedly to tread on meadow more than , forces them to make this bad plan. But I oppose this kind of practice , can only leave together mud mark on dividing vehicle to bring by the meadow trodden on , the net of iron wire undoubtedly when numerous people leave the memory of pain at heart. Till then, city landscape is let in other words for the solicitude of human nature by deprivation danger.
Now, the most resident district environmental designs disregard the demand of person simply, developer is "chief offender", landscape designer has become "accomplice". To satisfy the 30% of rate requirements of green land, the land of road and car park has been pressed minimum index, the land expansion dug is green land, want the index that is used to satisfy the rate of green land , want quilt developer action " the high rate of green land " come to show off own strength in order to reach its commercial purpose. And so called green land had been often understood for nursery and insert tree simplely, periphery surround again with Gao Lu Li and then the purpose that reaches protection , as to next step raise pipe that do not know more that is whose matter. Class a little bit high sub-district seems that green land is big , plant is deploied and environment design seemingly have mould have shape , but examination is asked: Arrive where seek a child to play have fun place? Elderly are compelled sit with a pair of lovers when is a row of, flinching to return go to cage , is the role of " light bulb " still forcibly at home?
The wind of
A lot of persons in us " value model " do not inflict heavy losses on is new. Innovation had been often excluded as different kind. Is from kindergarten to university, we habit has been accepted knowledge desperately as container instil into , seeing to be full of probably go through Guan have no creative idea. Though, landscape design is a highly comprehensive special field, but it will give people with the visual form display of space landscape eventually , is in which for person to be able to enjoyItProduct. As all art of class, innovation
Innovation should not be understood simplely for" out of the common form". Each landscape has its different place feature. Function and the environmental property of place are asked , fund input quantity as well as the creativity etc. factor of landscape designer me have decided the character with this out of the common landscape. For landscape designer, before designing , understand place spirit deeply and synthesize coordinative various factors to carry out creation , this is innovation. This kind of innovation embodiment when it is nominal, or shakes regret force or rich interest , or is solemn or lively , or romance or relax , or excited popular feeling or is prosaic, it is not identical.
At the moment quotations is different, landscape design more and more tends to identical. It does not be declined that the wind of imitation is current , successful innovation make once come out , have been had no control land duplication and reprint. Facing this kind of phenomenon, is necessary to discuss the phenomenon reason of behind soberly.
( 1) isSocietyInnovation consciousness weak decision-making person or owner is often model with certain from the works considered , it does not be shame with imitation, would rather believe ready-made would not also accept new scheme conception. When they look , the line on blueprint is visionary, the landscape that had seen is clearly. Owner obstinate already to as this, landscape designer has only to act as tracer , spends as few as possible time in order to get benefit.
Conversely, design unit passes through rate to pursue scheme , knows the intention of owner by every possible means, catering to them the train of thought that is prejudiced , so as get scheme to pass one time. Design unit has not also encouraged the award mechanism of innovation, reserve bonus only to scheme to win the bid, the practice of the latter has no may thick is not, but for long term creative disadvantage.
The wind of imitation is so smooth to be all right , it is more important, the innovation consciousness of entire society is weak. Facing everywhere identical landscape works, popular reaction is so and numb. Our public opinion concern construction around effect contrast, for the really successful works lack ability of judging.
( 2) fear that the psychological new try of failure may be also not successful, but we no necessity because of a few of or few cases lose confidence and then flinch. It is former that perfectionist often fears failure and hesitates , dare not create , fall onto imitation expert eventually. Actually, even the place in which great master also has failure unavoidably, Lai special ancient root sea Mu museum when the design on indoor space function does not succeed , but this does not hinder its action Lai one of special masterpiece, and on architectural history, take position.
( 3) construction use the landscape project with large scale restriction is usually the behavior of government, as city square, comprehensive park and bank river green tape etc., the project that belongs to beautifulness appearance of the city and gets popular feelings concerns the political achievements of highest policymaker. These projects often submit project from scheme to implement have been restricted is completed in very short time, its result will inevitably be caused to muddle through work on design, in enforcement, thick system is made excessively. Still have a kind of is strangeLawOften so: First tightly rear pine is again tight, make public opinion at the beginning , wind cloud comes suddenly, wait for scheme to settle no matter pay no attention to to delay again and again between, suddenly again wind cloud weight comes , finally, it is to withdraw the troops hastily. Such example is common, cruel to have struck the creative initiative of landscape designer.
( 4) pay out low remuneration landscape design high is a kind of noble and petty and low occupation, say it noble is because it is public welfare, it is the career of popular service; Say that is petty and low , denote its low receipt person.NowRate presses the 3%-5% of project fabrication cost. Genuine can receive have only 1%-3% perhaps. All know , the landscape project of general project is architectural supporting project merely, fabrication cost controlled when lower level. Project often needs earth to build , the various professional coordinations such as forestation and water power, the income of all is low, is pitiful to have can imagine , if do project conscientiously careful , the labor of landscape designer pays out but being huge, the landscape architectural, distinctive short artistic creation of little body quantity is designed , meticulously the aspect of forestation disposition as well as place decoration, its workload true not is more few than large scale building. Under this kind of situation, landscape designer imitation other person make so as obtain is eager for quick success and instant benefit benefit is not at all surprising.
( 5) messageTimesIt is maximumly open to bring design to tend to same inevitable message times our field of vision, various landscape design elaborations choose to publish one after another, landscape designer does not become a monk door can get domestic and international related message andDevelopDevelopment.StudyAs well asApply, make the landscape of every placeProblem.
To avoid " characteristic crisis", landscape designer must maintain sober consciousness , will have the understanding of deep originality for located environmental and local culture and blends in design. Designing in brief to want have own thought , just have soul , just have character.
5 mistake district effect pictures
It has strange phenomenon now, scheme report, especially have while facing to decide the decision-making person of right earth, wall goes up is three-dimensional effect picture completely, add the exquisite frame of a on computer screen curtain again, a graceful computer cartoon matches , is splendid and lightMusic, no wonder our lead( or owner) had been deeply moved. It is pitiful and those to can't take the pretty colleague members of effect picture, as like "abstruse writing" plane figure talk about him shrewd wonderful conception, hear honorable lead( or owner) to hit yawn directly. May be people bitter expectation the picture fantastic effect on surface can realize in reality like, have been another suddenly on discovery scene scene, it is disappointed and is deceived sense just arise spontaneously. Leaning violate conventional design beautiful foundation after program wins design task and that excellent effect picture masters have been bewildered and have exaggerated on effect picture, can not stand on in realistic land, in in turmoil, have to rely on the adjustment of scene and suddenly come to inspiration come to realize the ideal of the public - - complete clumsy design is finally to completely exposed.
This kind of grievous lesson has not seemingly let us decision-making, have sober person. Effect picture is honeyed words seemingly , lets wise personage be taken in willingly , seems that in a period, this kind of above-mentioned "tragedy" will still put on the stage continuously.
6 mistake district
A excellent landscape works necessity is design and construction the result of close coordination. For the effect that will reach ideal the disposition taken to set up kind, since choosing sprout until scene is under construction , designer must come in personally to guide. AsItScenery garden put shape and construction, have no scene of landscape designer to check on , is hard to even more reach expected effect. For the construction of complex topography, the condition that scene arises problem is to occur from time to time. Stay in scene, landscape designer holds more easily, can say with the relation of surroundings that being in a good position to handle scene is the one of basic quality of a excellent landscape designer. However, a lot of landscape designers do not be happy to go off work land, at least, it is lack initiative, and the more construction horizontal bad troops links up the more less with design people, last result often leaves many regrets.
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