On the development history of world garden, have arisen two branches, one is the regular type garden of the West, additionally, one is eastern natural type garden. Western garden exquisite symmetry creates true and limited space with huge yardstick, eastern garden so as a " summit mountain too China 1000 seeks , a spoon water in the 10 thousand of towns and villages all over the country " artistic conception have created infinite space to be. Western garden weight is writing realistically , eastern garden weight when Chinese painting.
Chinese classic garden is the eastern typical representative of garden, it has synthesized the various artistic forms such as landscape painting, calligraphy, building, sculpture, botany and horticulture , has reflected the traditional aesthetics thought of China. People like to draw with poem feelings Yi the America that describes Chinese garden , poem feelings drawing Yi the pronoun that has also become garden artistic conception. As soon as artistic conception says that may trace back Buddhist Scripture most early, Buddhism thinks: " it is wisdom to be able to know , it is boundary to know , wisdom comes Ming boundary, it has to be unreliable and true ". Garden artistic conception points at the poem of garden feelings drawing Yi, poem feelings drawing Yi the expression in garden.
The characteristic
Garden artistic conception first has the characteristic of " implication, overtones ". In the works of poet Li Bai in him of the Tang Dynasty " send Meng Hao Ran to broad tomb " write road: " old friend west diction Huang He Lou, under fireworks March, raise state. Lonely sail far shadow blue sky is let , is good only river horizon flows ". Sailing boat is far long ago , the person that sees off still stands in riverside Chang look over , the deep feelings of poet and Meng Hao Ran, in poem, word does not be mentioned , but is in overtones , this kind of have no in language have expressed come out artistic conception, it is the most basic embodiment method of garden artistic conception.
The creation of garden artistic conception at the same time also denotes Yi when pen first, scene blends. Only use strong and sincere feelings, go the deep object that knows the expression wanted , the thought process via high summary and refinement, talent this kind of feelings overflows in poem table, talent reaches art go up reappear , in short, Yi when pen first. A works, will be first moved since already, may just move others. As other artistic works, the completion of garden works must first have the input that creative person real situation really feels , may just create Yi when pen first, scene blends works.
The appreciation of garden artistic conception has Yi follow person is different, boundary the characteristic moved at any time. Station is in the angle of works appreciation , the different time feelings of person in difference the artistic conception that arrives possibility is widely divergent. The works that we create should have what artistic conception after all, do you view and admire the possibility that person realizes and are what? Network goes up once in really popular net writing " Wu leave empty biography " a part, very good reflection makes the characteristic that garden artistic conception should have. Commit wrong golden cicada and son( Tang Seng) take after real go through return arrive if come side, have if test him Wu road, since side is taken , has taken a flower, golden cicada son is distracted to have lived , now if come the another disciple near body, Jia leaf your person is having sent smile on side.
If come: You already
Golden cicada son: You have understood
In new period, the creation of garden artistic conception is that the most persons serve , we can not create such artistic conception , let a small number of people send understanding smile only, no matter the person that can't smile multifariously , if if come to pick up flower than do artistic conception words, we say that this kind of artistic conception is bent Gao He Gua, we the creation wanted garden artistic conception should not serve only for few professional personage.
On the assurance of the garden characteristic of artistic conception, we can not commit a tendentiousness mistake, let mostly person understanding one drives off go up, lose garden artistic conception deserved personalized characteristic, on this, will prevent especially Mei the coarse phenomenon, that follows wind. The garden works that we create should be form many shapes, can arouse the sympathetic response of people.
Garden artistic conception is a kind of aesthetic spiritual effect, though, it is so true to not resemble a mountain, a stone, a water, a colored, a grass and a wood, but it is objective existence, it is in the artistic America of life American, natural America that basic rising China produces. Garden artistic conception is " implication and overtones", in the process of creative artistic conception, will accomplish " Yi in pen first, scene blends ", station when the angle of appreciation goes up , possibility is " Yi follow person is different, boundary moves at any time ", the artistic conception that we create should the sympathetic response that can arouse the most persons.
The expression
The garden common expression way of artistic conception is tangible to resemble , is typical , is associated , is fuzzy , the methods such as some scene and the property America that uses plant. Know the basic general knowledge of these methods , is not only helpful for the creation of garden artistic conception , is also helpful to view and admire person understanding and appreciation garden artistic conception , raise garden to view and admire level.
Vivid expression expresses ideological feelings using specific image in, garden the handling of sculpture is the most typical example. High mountain flies Qin Gui who has iron casting before tomb the sculpture of spouses, make one associate the verse of " rivers and mountains has good fortune bury loyal bone, the innocent casting of galvanized iron Ning subject ". My city star first hospital Chu upright Hu Xing Yuan statue, make one associate the deed of Mr Hu Xing Yuan , associate patriotism.
Typicalness expression is for the high summary of the natural America in nature , is that garden artistic conception originates from life , is higher than life create again. The rockery in Chinese garden, and not is the real scenery of certain a region reappear , and it is to pass high summary and the natural scenery refined. Naturally, the form feature of scenery has summit, spine and grain , Lu, it is male to have , is odd, dangerous , Xiu , You etc. landscape characteristic, to express the big gully and broad mu huge pool of remote mountains. Though, the rockery in garden has limited yardstick , but has the sense staied in real scenery, if method is proper, may make viewing and admiring person cognition go to the artistic conception of " Yi summit mountain is too China, 1000 seeks , Yi spoon water in the 10 thousand of towns and villages all over the country ".
The method that uses association of ideas , associate by shell Yi, from Yi association of ideas goes to third, it is rich to make imagination recover to recover , so, receiving speech have to let Yi infinite effect. Su Zhou the most long dark blue wave pavilion of history, alone is" dark blue wave pavilion" garden name make one associate Qu Yuan " common people all turbid I settle alone, common people all drunk I wake up alone ", at the same time also associate fisherman " dark blue wave Zhi-Shui-Qing-Xi-Zhuo Wu tassel, the water of dark blue wave turbid Xi Zhuo Wu foot ". The frequently useful lotus in classic garden, even if lotus leaf is withered, may also make one associate " reserve incomplete lotus hear rain sound ". The method of association of ideas may be infinite to expand the space of artistic conception of garden.
Fuzziness uses thing do not determine the nature to expand garden artistic conception. When handling artificial brook in garden, will often hide fountainhead and way, getting to seem have source , probably have no the effect of leting , it is meaningful. " white rain fast word words" in write road " Yi when pen first, it is outside that god remains speech. If Yin if show , want that dew does not be shown , has lingering relapse, a language that finally do not allow road breaks ". Do not allow a language to say to break finally, have said just the secret of artistic conception, is can not a language road that broken meaning. Hangzhou west lake" 3 pool Indian monthes" a pavilion, autograph " pavilion pavilion", first one sees make one feel not brains, but if arrive to view and admire on the spot, will see the graceful lotus before pavilion, " original pavilion pavilion " take is pavilion former lotus graceful Yi.
Using the garden problem of high summary, chant to carry out some scene , may the artistic conception of sublimation scenery, make it be from material space rising to spiritual space. Suzhou clumsy Zheng garden has " building with who sits together Xuan ", sit together with whom, original is Song pronoun person Su Shi " sit together with whom, fresh breeze, clear month and me ", point is the artistic conception of friend with fresh breeze for companion and clear month. Raise the broad kind in state garden and garden to repair bamboo , is half of bamboo , is at the same time also the shape of bamboo leaf , hides host to indulge in self-admiration , borrows bamboo clear will, as bamboo the personality characteristic of " settle ease refined ", if directly well-known bamboo garden falls into convention unavoidably.
The property America that uses plant , as well as the common recognition about plant property that people form for a long time, also is the creation of garden artistic conception use tactic frequently. Loosen , bamboo and plum the cold 3 of year-old friend, Mei Lan the 4 gentlemen in bamboo chrysanthemum, pupils apricot spring breeze a, in August, sweet-scented osmanthus fragrant sweet-scented osmanthus symbolizes joyous bumper harvest , it is luxurious that tree peony represents harmony honor. These arouse sympathetic response using the method that plant property America carries out garden creation , because of having formed the common recognition of the most persons and being easy.
The creation
Have got good artistic conception, still pass Yi craftsman shows , Yi craftsman, method and skill will have corresponding method and skill. Yi craftsman form , runing through garden artistic conception the entire process of creation.
The creation of artistic conception first wants letter. Bold cut out , should shrewd choice, letter then can give person with the room of imagination, if the rule of elephant the West type garden is the same, the room not imagined. The creation of artistic conception is at the same time still exaggerated , artistic typicalness will realize through the tactic of exaggeration , is outstanding and typical , must be exaggerated , but this kind of exaggeration should be so as is true to be basic to exaggerate. Mao Zedong " is away from day 3 rulers of 3 " feel with the psychology of exaggeration that tactic road gives person highly, this kind of exaggeration is basic with the psychological feelings of sight person, though, let exaggeration very much, but true road has made the psychological experience of person. The creation of artistic conception should be basic with composition. The garden of our country has a set of unique layout and space composition method, according to the requirement of natural essence, manage location, need to create person in long-term practice process realize and understand.
The garden design of China is special to emphasize the arising of artistic conception, so then can reach scene blend ideal extent reached, so, it is that poem draws to say that Chinese garden is not the simple combination of building, scenery and plant , but is the art of the feelings that have life change with the space composition of music, is artistic as developing. The garden that artistic conception has for being not can have, can also produce at any time anywhere , mind the change of boundary, want with best state and have certain appearance the scene of frequency is theme of artistic conception. The appearance of best state is momentary , but is also immortal, in " garden Ye " claim a " lesson can is, centuries immortal ". However, artistic conception makes one endure to see to think over more, draw mood to become Qu and deep memory. So artistic conception is China the year more than 1000 the core that the well-known teacher great master of garden design pursues , it is also the inner glamour that makes Chinese garden have world influence.
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