Enlighten and the characteristic of Japanese garden

Author:Make a summary: It is briefly general to have stated characteristic and the history of Japanese garden and, for the influence of modern garden for the present city garden of our country, builds the place that intermediate value has to refer to to make suggestion.Keyword: JapaneseJapanese country and Chinese close neighbors are always having extensive intercourse so far from ancient. The relation between Japan and China begins from Chinese generation, from Chinese end, Japan sends constantly to China Han makes , it is all-around to study Chinese culture. In which, Japanese garden art is to pass long historical changes under the influence of Chinese garden art , forms gradually to have the Japanese garden of Japanese national characteristic.1th gardenJapanese garden history is long, origin flows out length. In A.D. 6 century, Chinese garden is passed with Buddhism into Japan. Bird flies , Nai good times are Chinese type scenery garden vessel comes to expect , safe times are the issue " and melt " of Japanese type pool spring garden, sickle storehouse and room Ding times are garden Buddhist periods, peach mountain times are the tea ceremony of garden melts to expect , river household times are power of Buddhas , tea ceremony , Ru Yi comprehensive issue. Process is the development of Japanese garden main scene: ( big with , fly bird) - - - of animals and plants Chinese type scenery( Nai good) - - - sleeps hall architectural Buddha melts island stone( safety) - - - pool island and - - - of withered scenery ( sickle storehouse ) pure withered scenery stone yard( room Ding) - - - academy of classical learning, tea ceremony and - - - of withered scenery ( peach mountain ) tea ceremony, withered scenery and pool island( river household). In Japanese history though, having in early stage to dig pool build island , construct the record of palace on island, but major is for fireproof and defence foreign enemy. Along with Buddhist eastern biography, the influence of Chinese garden to Japan enlarges gradually. The scenery skeleton of Japanese garden is to spread from China and is entered , it becomes afterwards the first ancestor of pool spring. In which, Buddhism takes important role by the position that Japan is determined as state religion for Japanese garden dynasty religious development. Japanese garden is equivalent to limited Yuan Yuan in initial stage, since having inputed the skill of relatively mature China, it is outside that France excludes animals and plants, it is more, artificial scenery is close more in artificial garden. Since having combined Japanese territory nature adopting boat the form of swiming , its content has the pool of scenery part , Ji , must Mi mountain, horse, fish, dog and the tortoise of animal part wait , building has Yuan , is away from palace, Wu Qiao and gaily-painted pleasure-boat etc., garden campaign has hunting and boat to swim , its water banquet. Though, Japanese garden style gets the influence of the garden art of our country , but has formed the Japanese national scenery garden of only some natural type style via long-term development and innovation. May think , Japanese garden at first weight when have the local content of Chinese garden to select , have development in land the cultural tradition that receives and saves simultaneously into self, afterwards, enter through the biography of Chinese Buddhist , push the pursuit for the spirit of garden to extreme, and arising has the garden form of own style.2th the characteristicJapan is the island country that has exceptional natural environment , climate warm many rains, four seasons, it is distinct, forest is dense, rich graceful natural landscape, have been pregnant with Japanese nation to comply with the aesthetics sight of natural, praise nature , even link full name also mostly is concerning nature, this kind of aesthetic sight has established the foundation of Japanese national spirit, so make reflect in various different works to return Pu go back to real natural sight.Japanese garden so as its Qing Chun and natural style famous lifetime. It has other Chinese garden in " man-days sees nature ", and " see man-days in nature". It embodies and symbolizes the landscape of nature emphatically, avoiding artificial axe the trace chiseled , creation happens a kind of is plain , Qing Ning deliver beautiful extent reached.When expression is natural, Japanese garden is emphasized more for natural refinement and concentration, and creation can make one enter to enter quietly deciding and exceeding all refined soul feelings, so make Japanese garden has endure to see , endure the exquisiteness of article and worth-while thin cognition is fine and smooth, the characteristic that contained and do not show; It has outstanding symbol , can cause comprehension and the thinking of viewing and admiring person for life.The excellence of Japanese garden is in in it is small and exquisite and fine, it is dull and lonely and mysterious, abstractness is deep. Big person however a mu remains , little person only few square meters, Japanese garden use this kind of very lose form essential factor to reach maximum Yi rhyme effect. Though, Japanese garden gets the influence of Chinese garden in early stage , but has formed own characteristic in long-term development process , especially in the aspect of little garden, has produced the garden that quite has characteristic.From kind, as Japanese garden, may divide into withered scenery and pool spring garden , build mountain yard, flat yard, tea yard, dew land and migration type , view and admire type , take watching type , boat swims type as well as their combination.Withered scenery again calls rockery water , is Japanese and peculiar to make garden tactic , is the essential part of Japanese garden. Its essential meaning is anhydrous yard, apply white sand in garden, Zhui so as stone group or suitable quantity trees, since without mountain, being anhydrous, get name.Pool spring garden is to form with the garden with pool spring of center , embodies the essential feature of Japanese garden i.e. the feature of the country of island country. In garden with pond, arrange island, waterfall, earth mountain, brook, bridge, pavilion and pavilion for center.Building mountain yard is to pile up earth in garden to build into rockery, Zhui organize with stone , trees , fly the garden of stone and stone lantern forms. Normally, ask to have greater scale in order to show open land, use natural topography frequently artificial beautifulness, reach deep and serene rich view. Japan builds the garden mountain in mountain yard, is called as hillock in Chinese garden or Fu, Japan is called as " build mountain "( greater hillock Fu) or" wild tendon"( the earth of more slow slope mound or half way up the mountain). In Japanese garden normally, there is pool spring, but it not definitely has to build mountain , builds mountain yard now mainly with pool spring garden to assist.Flat yard is planed on smooth base, show the scenery of a valley region or open country normally with the garden of construction on smooth garden, form various natural sceneries, multi-purpose meadows and flower beds together with various rocks, plants, stone lamps and brook dispositions. In yard, it is not same to apply material have Zhi yard, moss yard, sand yard and stone yard. Level yard and build mountain yard have is true , trip and 3 kinds of rough form.Tea yard also calls dew yard and dew road, in blend in tea ceremony garden, a kind of garden form of creating to carry out the etiquette of tea ceremony. Area is very little, may set up is building mountain yard peaceful yard , normally, it is to arrange various landscapes in entering a space before tea room. Step stone road according to certain route, go through toilet , wash hand bowl final arrival destination. Tea yard just like the garden in the garden of Chinese garden, but the change of space is not as rich as Chinese garden level. Between the atmosphere of its garden is symbolize rugged mountain with bare step stone stone way, so as on the ground loose leaf hint dense forest, so as squat Ju type wash hand bowl symbol holy and pure spring water, imitate the ancient Shinto temple of Buddhist temple with stone lantern and the enclosure of temple society is solemn and quiet.Migration type , view and admire type , take watching type and boat to swim type denotes in large scale garden, set " migration type" ring pool sets up road may make water surface simultaneously to go sight-seeing use the ring pool of " migration simultaneously boat swims type " set up road, general is boat swims , migration , take watching 3 kinds of way combination together, so, increase the interest of garden. Have other the step of Chinese garden moves scene to follow , Japanese garden is in order to watch quietly mainly.The 3/4 of Japanese garden is formed by plant, mountain stone and water body , is designed therefore, from plantation, a outstanding characteristic of Japanese garden plant disposition is: There are the plant kind in few same gardens, often with 1 or 2 kinds of plant as main scene plant, it is clear to choose 2 kinds of another plant again as some scene plant and level, form is succinct, but very beautiful. Select material mainly with frequently green trees, flowers has special meaning comparatively less and , represents perfect as pine representative longevity and oriental cherry, fleur-de-lis representative is pure and so on.The basic characteristic1 ), originate from nature, ingenuity is transported alone. Japanese garden uses fully to make the imagination of garden person , gets inspiration from nature, creation makes the landscape of a unity of opposite. Emphasizing is simple, natural as selecting material , is taking the quality sense and veins that embody the very material as America. Make garden person expect rugged sincere stone and timber, the vegetations such as bamboo, rattan sand and moss moss are arranged meticulously with the rule of nature , make the America of nature concentrate between a stone a wood , make one stay seemingly a kind of is plain , modesty to beautiful extent reached.2 ), exquisite Chinese painting is meaningful. Japanese garden shows natural frequently with the symbol tactic of Chinese painting, composition is succinct , Yi Yun is rich. Its typical expression is the garden of " withered scenery " that seen in small and exquisite, quiet, deep Buddhist temple. In its peculiar environmental atmosphere, harrow the white sand stone of system carefully to cover the ground , layer upon layer puts have some of stone groups that deliver , can show big river sea, island and landscape; Need not drip water can show willfully vast water, a mountain that do not build can embody high mountain Jun mountain range, the cliff of steep cliff. It may express deep philosophic theory as music, drawing and literature , embodies implicit meaningful aesthetic good taste and the outlook feature of nature.3 ), pursue detail , build perfect. For detail depict is the point in Japanese garden Jing pen, it have to be very important to look for the perceptual expression that small thing makes as a branch and a stone to care about and see extremely, these when fly stone, stone lantern and door , wash hand bowl , cultivate Yuan the detail handling of etc. goes up have ample embodiment.4 ), it is quiet and beautiful and quiet , it is simple but in good taste to congeal to practice. The natural scenery garden of Japan, have is quiet and beautiful and quiet , congeal to practice simple but in good taste overall style , especially " Japanese tea yard ", " fly stone counts with stride, tea room according to wasteland wild place. Loosen wind smile to see that fallen leaves are countless, it is unknown that tea guest has destiny. Squat Ju so as wash heart, guard barrier in order to take forgeting. Buddhist tea same Qu, in day, person joins one. " is small and exquisite and fine , elegant vegetarian meal is clean; The green that not does not need thick gorgeous color with flowers adornment and utilizes unification totally is. The Japanese song aesthetics of tea ceremony " and , Ji , settle , is quiet" stroven for in embodiment tea ceremony in the America " Tuo" that pursues and the America " Ji", in pretty limited space, expression makes remote mountains You the boundary of grain, leave empty the sense of spirit to person with quietness. Space goes up , carry out complex many shapes for the plant in garden rest , make plant nature lively, branches and leaves are unfolded , embody natural natural instinct.5 ), talk about Buddha theory France, embodiment Buddhist Yi. Religion is always in important position in Japan, and temple and Shinto temple are important in Japanese culture, symbolize thing. Japanese garden make garden thought to get the extremely strong influence of religious thought , pursuit a kind of is far away from mortal life, exceed all refined extent reached. , especially the withered scenery of later stage, it is succinct to use up it, it is pure to use up it, without tree without flower, is organized with some of stones, a white sand, congeal to tangle to become the pure land of one side.On 3th, this gardenIn recent years in domestic city landscape and garden construction, the phenomenon that arises a lot of not practical occasions arises , in urban construction if in the residential design of green land, arising " Europe land wind"" square wind", some garden design works pursuits are westernized , pursue momentum , pursue uniform, lack character , is rough and shallow , the garden that has no national characteristic works everywhere evidently. As traditional garden culture also has two extreme trends,: Or overall negation, or restore ancient ways totally. The former for China garden loses confidence, in practice, have given up to make the try of garden thought and tactic for tradition; The latter becomes rigid land imitation copies classic garden, big fake-products production antique becomes the new historical relic that not entered with modern personality shelf. Therefore in the aspect of inheriting and developing traditional garden culture, we should study to neighboring country Japan, when study foreign culture at the same time, blend in homeland culture gradually in which, form to have the garden system of the style of Chinese nation.Japanese garden very emphatic source nature, but do not imitate nature simplely , have reflected the natural sight of its nation. The running water between sand stone, group stone and the plant of garden corner, the trees in garden, brook as well as the mountain scene in garden, is island country invariably with Japan appearance adaptation; Its tea room garden is also related closely with Japanese tea culture , is the embodiment of tea ceremony. This respect is to our enlighten: It is taking Chinese as book , reflects the culture of Chinese nation , devises the landscape that accords with local environment and embodiment cultural characteristic , and should not pursue blindly the garden landscape effect that the West melts , that in garden construction and some landscapes of current domestic, we should embody design fully.Japanese garden gets the influence of " leave empty , Ji , extinguish " in, have rejected design process painstakingly, it is infinite to be able to let one produce to aftertaste , mind all drunk artistic conception. Some garden works that think of current domestic from this , since being fussy too much to dissemble , the man-days that presents makes , can't embody sense of beauty and artistic conception. We should abandon those too emphatic visual effects , reform environment without restraint , create the design of artificial landscape , should use natural condition to the maximum extent , are taking ecology principle as guidance , make it suit the needs of human residence to the maximum extent eventually using ecology principle promotion and transformation natural ecology, " with simple image and ordinary element, when furthest go up release the glamour of garden ".Japanese garden landscape layout is graceful and harmonious, but forming each detail of overall landscape for arriving specifically to go on create also meticulously when designing. Japanese designs expression for detail to make the other attentions with rare national people , so makes its design works have glamour more , endures person more to think over. Its detail processing technique for our country modern landscape garden construction reference takes affect.4 knotThough, Japanese garden and Chinese garden belong to eastern garden together , but absolutely do not equate in Chinese garden. Japanese garden quite has the garden form of influence in the world through having the excellent place that receives and saves simultaneously from Chinese garden and at the same time absorbs a lot of western gardens( especially in garden architectural aspect) that has development that selects and having developed to have own national style. From the characteristic of analysis Japanese garden, we may get inspiration in current city landscape design and garden construction.Landscape design is that person reforms natural part , can not be forestation only, landscape can not be to fill the blank of program blueprint only, pay attention to visual effect and have lost landscape function. To respect the law developed and developed naturally under the role of person , suit to even promote natural development, make transformation natural and original raw natural harmony unified. The landscape design that originates from life and is higher than life embodies.