One and garden are
Human initial and the quantity of person are not large, people live completely in nature environment. Have gone to primitive commune for period , have arisen planting place , begin to plant vegetable and fruit tree before room after house, this may do prelude or the embryo of garden forestation finally.
Ancient garden: The business end week beginning in slave social later stage , have arisen " limited " and " Yuan ", it is happy to let the emperor and dukes hunting swim , this is the embryonic form of garden. To Qin Han, have got in period " construct palace Yuan " , is the architectural group crowd that spread in large natural environment. Arrive Wei enter period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, since scholar and scholar doctor advocate nature , send feelings scenery, for pursuit nature view and mountain forest wild Qu enjoyment build personal home forest , make garden from building palace Yuan have turned to creation natural scenery environment, so, the thought that has established Chinese scenery type garden is basic. Tang Song period, garden creation is from imitating the development of natural environment merely to embodying the major characteristic of scenery in less boundary region, have produced " the scenery garden of Chinese painting". In clear clear period, it is that Chinese feudal social final one makes period prosperous , the traditional garden form characteristic of our country also ripens completely , has reached highest summit. Today, the ancient garden that we see and are retained is the masterpiece of this period , has included the imperial garden of north, the Summer Palace as Beijing , Cheng virtue is away for the summer the garden of mountain villa and the personal domestic residence of south bank of Long River, as Suzhou clumsy Zheng garden , reserve garden, raise flat stone mountain room and the garden of state. The construction garden of this period is to establish the resident environment of a America mainly, swim Qi and satisfaction the enjoyment of visual landscape, in order to reach the spiritual purpose entrusted. It is served it that the garden of now is had for a small number of people.
The garden forestation of modern times: Along with the prominent emergence of industrial civilization, society transforms gradually to industrial society , has arisen park , and has got few forestations. The first park that on the territory of our country establish is 1868 years foreigner The Bund that concession builds in Shanghai park. In 1911, it is around that Xin Hai makes revolution , city begins to have built some parks , arises the green land of street, square forestation as well as the various forms such as campus, public building and residential area afterwards and successively. The garden green land of this period is allowed in and develops and changes on nature, only private besides have garden, still have got to the public garden with open the public, form has also increased extrovert type garden from the introvert type garden enclosed only. It is already not only to get the America of visual landscape to develop to make garden mould with spirit, also offer for citizen public swim Qi the place of and association campaign.
Contemporary garden forestation: Is equivalent to modern society approximately. After the People's Republic of China establishes , studies former Soviet theory of urban afforestation, extend to traditional garden entire urban afforestation, and advocate that urban afforestation forms system, city garden forestation has got great development. However on knowledge and the reason on economy, our garden forestation is still in lower level. Until in last 20 years, since industrial, traffic field high speed is developed , the living environment of people gets pollution, this just knows environmental importance , asks to protect ecological environment, this is to found garden city - - construction city big garden , regards creating reasonable city ecosystem as basic purpose , and afforests with territory , the landscape of the earth contact together. The scope of garden enlarges more, content is substantiated more, garden will still offer condition for the city use of sustainable development , sides with the ideal environment of human creation and is ongoing with great efforts.
2, found city big garden , build
Garden is " when certain region utilization engineering technology and artistic means, through reforming the channel creations such as topography, planting trees flowers and plants, construction building and arrangement garden road , become the natural environment of America and swim Qi boundary region ". Garden is that human society develops the intension of garden and the outcome of certain stage and outside prolong , along with the progress of times, social development as well as science and technology, it is also enriching and enlarging constantly.
Current people are also the
( one) will have the ecological
( 2) promising resident exercises
( 3) the appearance of
( 4) make city sustainable
Only establish garden city, then can reach and satisfy above requirement. Garden city - - city big garden, my understanding is that entire city becomes a big garden , will not only have scenic district and the park of the various types of certain proportion , city have green land should garden melts. Scenery, plant and building are the 3 basic essential factors that form garden , but are protecting and improving ecological environment , what take decision to take affect is still plant. Ask so, from program on consideration and forestation, it must be beged that the rate of green land of every department and every unit should reach , as a 50% of 30%, it is even higher, and the public area of green land that each possesses in average should also reach 8 square meters more. In calculation method, I think that should calculate the population of other places that live frequently in this city to go in , and should still enter the regular several idea of floating population , am also to control city population number, each of the area of green land of average possession index will have no meaning, can not also satisfy the requirement of people for garden environment. Founding city big garden should have a science , the reasonable city overall planning of green land, the realization of overall planning will rely on measure, to have the guarantee of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Will raise the knowledge of whole people, manage vigorously , is long-term to insist , have only all the struggle of joint efforts, high horizontal garden city talent realizes.
3, a few that
( Yi) city each department
City is the outcome of human progress , is the artificial environment that mankind creates according to the needs of social development. Before having not realized city big garden, it is far that city scale is away from the more with nature. Now, for satisfaction the demand of people for environment and the pursuit for nature, every department should for realization city big garden joint efforts. If centre city is unfit for the building of too big, various types to be unfit for , is too big. Error is high , especially resident architectural more unsuitable error is high, high building holds the population size the more, the relative proportion of green land is little , has high building originally the corresponding area of green land should increase , but reality can't be done.
( 2) tradition
Society is developing , times are going forward , the good taste and needs of the masses are also changing. Original classic garden is protected well as the legacy needs of historical relic, the new garden that will be built must be put in effort on traditional and times combination, to create , in other words, new form is forming , both will inherit tradition and will study the domestic and international new form for that we are helpful. See our life( clothing and meal , live and is all right ) as a whole , I feel that is still traditional less, it is new and many , is new to have taken unique most, therefore when construction garden, should be ancient still to use , ocean is useful, create the modern new garden of Chinese type. Certainly, on skill law, may study inheritance tradition, such as natural scenery garden. Fold mountain to manage water, emphasis implied meaning and artistic conception in , little see is big , borrow scene.
( 3) flowers and
Current urban afforestation , should the trees reasonable collocation of flowers and plants, it will have arbor , and will have bush, will also have land quilt plant; It is frequently green to have , it will also have fallen leaves; It will have flower , and will have grass , makes the trees of flowers and plants each has a role to play. Construction city big garden should be left from specific condition, according to local conditions, before city square and building may various flowers and plants, not only, can cause open landscape to be environmental, outstanding and main , is still convenient for the campaign of the masses , is also helpful for air to circulate; Suburb isolation flat forest should be planting trees mainly, reserve forest destiny or proper space planting few flowers and plantses, let people have a rest to move about may; Park should basis function zone, form and content should many shapes, the trees of flowers and plants may be rich and colorful.
( 4) is taking science and
In founding city big garden process, will
1. Introduce new good kind , enrich the source material of city garden forestation , raise forestation beautifulness level. It has had accomplishment in these years, as hybrid goose palm seize , short purple China fir, China mountain pine and red leaf little Bo, golden leaf female loyal, kind China rose, but it is still insufficient. What deserve to be noticed is that the tree kind choice of urban afforestation is still to set up kind on town mainly, introducing new good kind to want have observation to meet process , it is too big that plantation quantity is unfit for.
2, want the fine kind of seed selection , is the tree kind of native soil of north plain as willow wood , suit plantation application, show since the willow female that plants in city is too much, as soon as arriving to fly at the time of wadding, obstruction is sanitary, masses are disagreeable , would not so plant willow , this come is the problem of very good solution, willow may asexual reproduction, it may be solved that selecting male forest pick strip. There is still the tree of Chinese Scholar Tree, the tree of Chinese Scholar Tree is to meet the tree kind of city environment comparatively, between but individual, as tree shape , the ability of resisting plant diseases and insect pests etc. aspect is also not the same, if can the tree of Chinese Scholar Tree of the fine article department of seed selection, can have for raising the level of urban afforestation very your work uses.
3. To study that trees are ecological , reduce loss and the blindness of application plant , be to grow up in the tree kind on high mountain originally as the kind of dragon spruce, like to cool. Is afraid of heat , endure shade, have been grown frequently in urban afforestation when leeward to the place of sun, growth bad is also not strange.
4. Growth will have certain space, especially, the area of plantation land is limited, soil is bad, this has influenced the normal growth of trees. Now according to the stipulation of standard, the hollow dug is the specification of trees plantation. This is not scientific , should grow the possible big and small digging pits of growth according to this tree to change earth , and there will be good planting soil, only dregs earth sifts out do not be all right. Some need to still change guest and scholar.
5, the tree kind of urban afforestation should be rich to have characteristic, such as this plenty of plantation ginkgoes of some years. Ginkgo is that advantage is few than many good tree kinds, life-span lengthes and ill insects , and is the fossil material kind of the famous world of our country , is multi-purpose and somewhat blameless in my city forestation, but can not quantity is too big, moreover ginkgo is also the different of male and female, as trip tree, should choose male , female result falls , hurt pedestrian. Ginkgo again is ecological condition the tree kind with higher requirement, should consider condition, as the guarantee of water.
Found the garden city of city big garden and construction high level, establish suitable people high-quality life and work , swim Qi ecological environment, is also called as green city. This is the requirement of social development , is also the only channel that satisfies the demand of the masses. Then can only so reach the level of developed country , go into world advanced ranks.
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