Annual immortal garden spirit - - contrasts from eastern and western to be pleasant to the eye Chinese garden

1 , forewordIn long cultural development process, the garden of eastern and western forms because of the cultural tradition of different historical background and difference Jiong different style. Garden is culture embodiment, when east, with Chinese classic garden, it is representative; In the West, it is typical with French classical doctrine garden. The former stresses on natural America , pursues the effect of " though from person does , Wan from Tian drive "; The organization of the exquisite geometry pattern of the latter shows artificial creation. Fu Er Tai says: " America is often relative. It is elegant in Japan, Roman is not elegant; It is fashionable in Paris , is not fashionable in Beijing. " actually, it is low that we are nearly impossible to divide Sino-French garden who Gao Shu, but pass for score Xi, may let us know further that their own style is formed by the influence in the thought of what historical background and aesthetics.Rein 2, Nuo specialFamous rein Nuo special typeHis design in a pretty long period is not only in France , have still formed the style of a kind of typicalness and fashion in entire Europe. That end, his design actually is Shi not such attraction person? Is easy except road 14 the French palace culture set up becomes European high society to catch up this object factor held and imitated outside, its design self also the excellent design that start sex really.First, rein between Nuo special garden and nature do not need clear definite limit, not need enclosure more. In his design, nature has been been ingenious to set off the atmosphere with boundless momentum, the effect that this kind of and natural new relation produces has exceeded past ancient fortress and manor garden , has also exceeded the garden of the anywheres such as former Italy, it and not is challenging to nature , is a kind of artificial display. It is a that it constructs in having no the space of occasion naturally with nature same happy land, he has used the artistic form that mankind discovers before, will each kind of element in nature gets together together with the most beautiful attitude that he thinks is here. Rein Nuo special design is not on the contrary natural, is European just for his design to show garden beginning realizes more completely that the creation that can arouse in the running-in with natural relation is enthusiastic and inspiration, nominal may have different choice.Rein Nuo special garden is great, but it is very huge surely, huge blends in natural space easily or has acted as natural space straightforwardly. Rein Nuo is to have used the type garden space of straight line extended to join with natural space specially actually mainly get up , this kind of straight type includes originating from West Asia crossing to water axle, still have to rein Nuo take specially from French field oblique to overlapping village road, a kind of rear practice in garden some picture of road net is the concentration of natural field or is dense , and it is this kind of and dense have been again reined Nuo is specially ingenious and process the West Asian pattern combination that Italy has enriched together.During entire the Renaissance and Ba-Luo-Ke agitation, the building of France always maintains some own traditions and forms , and does not have leading meaning. But rein Nuo special the marrow of Ba-Luo-Ke very fully expression in his garden, a kind of typical case that makes this kind of garden form become the Ba-Luo-Ke form shelf of soft breeze runs through various specific tactics as well as the fine, refined, magnificent, grand, drama etc. of Ba-Luo-Ke from whole each detail.Though this kind of garden looks some general surveies to have no to remain, if really, going to go in or discovering , is a lot of and quiet , personal dense splendid space. They spread in every district piece inside , crowd around from plant or small-sized construction thing , may use as a little hall hall. This kind of minute has the space joined to suit the noble get-together with numerous number very much. Is just for every part careful handling, make rein Nuo the choice that special garden may facilitate part with the garden space as well as land that meets less yardstick. This kind of garden Founder is unitary, yardstick is relatively greater , is improper for to make the garden garden form before intention big sharp type garden and the Renaissance too simple, rein Nuo is that garden has become suitable choice specially.In addition, rein Nuo is the another important special quality of garden form specially, also is it suits very much to enter city space , in it may not only fill to be located in the palace of city city center wide yard, people still discover that it can be applied actually in nearly any a open space and space , and will not produce the problem that not coordinated , because feature and the natural environment of space and the road in city that shape and it belong to originally have a lot of common places. Not only such, this kind of garden form can be directly been used to build city completely, this is genuine garden city. Since the consistency of structure principle and the road net of city may establish on the form foundation of garden road completely, it is many somewhat to cause to construct meeting, have occupied the position of original flowers and trees. Afterwards American capital Washington is born so. No matter afterwards the new content of how new concept is definition actually is Shi not, in our garden in these classics, may find modern fountainhead , when rein Nuo the fountainhead that may still find city garden in special design. In a word, new thing becomes mostly since unclothing fetus in past classics.The existence of western traditional garden has two features: One is subordinate building, is architectural shop pad; 2 is that relative independence exists besides building, but self also when deduction various architectural structures and architectural spaces, wait with the elements such as plant for the hall hall space where main part forms little courtyard space and big corridor and has no top. Is in West Asia , India very few rein in Nuo special type and Italian tableland garden, though, also show the design of architectural and garden unification that cannot decompose , but when in general structure and the space of garden are relatively independent, we accept very easily alone to know its garden. This also is at this late hour western garden suits the one of reason of modern architectural general layout more from whole, especially part than the garden of China.However, Chinese garden has millenary, will surely have it existent reason and lasting glamour suit this times. Similar between conversion is the one of means and interest with important design with reference. When the end of 20 century bends meter La-Wei-Lai who designs the garden of the newest tide at that time - - Paris holds department, have been called regardless of this one untie Gou doctrine or other Shi not doctrine school, bend rice is to have led into the garden structure of China undoubtedly, this bends meter me seemingly uses a dragon shape slide of metal to show have come out , show if seek. Though the structure element of overall composition and various buildings have very modern appearance , but it is the metal long corridor of those blue greies and the pavilion in Chinese garden that what we is easy very much may distinguish those red metal structure things it is the corridor in Chinese garden with suspension bridge. And in western traditional garden, we are concerned by the structure and symbol that can not find this kind of structure.Evidently, Chinese traditional garden for the West and even the influence of world is far-reaching. Is designer, we will also have responsibility utilization consciously various tactics reappear traditional garden spirit.3 , China withThe growth history of Chinese garden is long and long, its style form is also not a dynasty a night, the most of time is former slow trip, is growing up quickly in some turn periods , in which Wei enter times is can not neglect a, it is even to decide crucial period of style.The natural scenery of China is especially beautiful , is from environment and aesthetic need not separate. Chinese pursues the America of nature in garden , also pursues natural meaning. No what person is more more than the feelings that Chinese puts in in garden. The initial motive of mankind for garden may be explained for the special feelings of plant for the feelings of plant for this inference of the uncle of objective case concerning human plant attribute. This has the meaning of psychoanalysis, whether is reasonable, whether accurate may discuss slowly. But Chinese is for plant , the mainstream feelings for garden in early stage is really distressed, they are the places of escape worry and danger, and the best refuge is nature , but has too absolute there , the mood of person total when change to change to go, garden convenient advance or retreat freely design. Enter may attack , retreat may guard.Wei enter period have just simultaneously because of the social upheaval sad feelings of arising and because of the cultural sediment depended on just by flourishing dynasty. Since times are far back, today, have no law to see the garden at that time again, we may even guess then, have not also produced too many excellent garden material object, it is important that this period is that China has set up the garden cultural and relative specific garden picture type with lasting meaning. This makes be in times of today , no matter puting extravagance or the garden used for leading a life of pleasure, or being poverty-stricken and be down and out but, the vegetable garden of thatched cottage of spiritual rich scholar can be active only to pursue this kind of garden cultural or picture type, have only Luo the participations such as the painter, craftsman and scholar who guards this kind of cultural and picture type in which, the garden quality of China can get considerable guarantee. Even if cannot create what, at least, it is also beautiful thing.Culture is founded by the material accomplishment that production makes progress , is also founded by spirit. Wei enter the spiritual concentration of special period to embody when scholar scholar doctor the body as " bamboo forest 7 virtuous ". They detest the world and its way , hope can is quiet like bamboo forest, also hope to be able to maintain bamboo forest is noble and unsullied. Between they admire bamboo forest to do not need to go to take notice of lifetime is dirty, but also since know can not get rid of the consciousness of person like bamboo forest, so they have adopted a kind of tape heroic air, in superficially negative but bone son, it is positive life attitude and life style. They or is individual proprietorship or go to go into mountain forest depths, fantasize that self blends in the fog of fresh breeze. Under this kind of spiritual pursuit, garden when nominal inevitable pursuit the extent reached of so-called Lin Quan, specific way is for natural scenery is easier , reduction and abstractness. These persons have official position in body , are impossible to often stay in mountain forest, they can repair garden, what is more important is that since they have influenced the life style of whole society , include the north of the China at that time. So, garden life becomes a kind of extensive social culture at that time, and content is substantial, it includes the various orientations of political attitude, ethics, social consciousness and daily life.4, instanceChengdu pair flows , build in a modern times garden, though overall level is general, but when some parts can accurate expression makes Chinese garden Yi Qu. Here can't see Shi the not natural element of form and nature, it is building only , water and plant, them only pass from the relation of each other the language of establishment comes to show own pursuit.As a kind of existence, Chinese garden has superficially the stone and plant composition and building that has elephant , but when they form a whole, are not any view that has elephant or are environmental to reappear , and it is the expression of a kind of form. For nature or person house environment, this kind of form is specified , is independent, not subordinate any other forms. Say now, in this overall form, from some meaning, we seek do not assume office the thing of what elephant. Stone and grass are wooden , water still has building is not here is the very them, and it is the part in the certain frame in brains. From this, the garden type of China is most abstract. This is Suzhou clumsy Zheng garden such as right picture.Figure below is the scenery of Shanghai Yu Garden. The ancient garden in China in, can say Yu Garden when use architectural structure comes to show richness and the change of space go up try hard most, the various combinations that pass through the elements such as pavilion, pavilion, corridor, wall, bridge, column rod and grid , evolution the various winding spaces that changes irregularly and views. However, the genuine pursuit of Chinese garden is not these, though, it also strives for the change of space, but this kind of change should be implicit , not visual architecturalness expression. So, Yu Garden has though let maximum effort in this respect, but entire garden looks interest , have to remain but meaning is insufficient.In Chinese garden, implicit meaning quilt " one clumsy " word comes to express , " clumsy " is " big skilful if clumsy ", will pass through skilful realization, but it is skilful to can not express. As Suzhou clumsy Zheng garden space structure, future generations uses exquisiteness cut perspective chart to reach have made it is ingenious. But this can know at heart can arrive , actual scene can not be so , is not clumsy otherwise, what Shanghai Yu Garden commits is this illness. Clumsy extent reached still needs the coordination on many detail, see to seem not go through Yi a wall , a hole window , is together short to pile up , can arouse is for space besides and space sketches out Xia think. Besides, garden will look exquisite , still shows natural, is simple with ancient, so in the aspect of material and color, will stick out as far as possible to show basic color.5 in contrast,This Bo-Zeng of objective case says: " Chinese in their world, do not get both sides the smooth barranca without flaw guides. He wanders alone, from friendly nature comes to guide him see God and ancestral grave. So, no anywhere and scenery can be so and genuine to become architectural material. " problem and more than , in own cultural idea, naturally for the western scenery and more simple material of more simple personage, it is to be engaged in architectural material also. It is the same that elephant treats building, westerner concentrates attention on more in the very natural form, see to build on the foundation of these forms Gou the form of garden, composition, space and the structure of how to let garden meet nature. On this is as Chinese , is make garden comes from nature is higher than nature.The attention of Chinese for scenery more concentration in the aspect of the feelings that scenery arouses and the philosophic theory that shows , this natural also the form of natural scenery relevant. Different form can produce different feelings , expresses different philosophic theory, but these the very forms quilt prematurely graphic representation have melted. It is not only to make garden, Chinese when view and admire scenery and is engaged in have to build the time that moves about , accompany with literature and painting and calligraphy. Son has said hole: This kind of practice of " benevolent person happy mountain and sage happy water " that given naturalness spirit is a big feature that runs through Chinese culture. Naturally, the major value of scenery is the law that change embodies naturally from two aspects and one, become society with rule and the behavior criterion of person; It may draw by poem document to replace to become spiritual nourishing article if 2 is the good taste of scenery, the form that poem document draws and do not stress in scenery lies in artistic conception. We may compare the landscape painting of eastern and western soft breeze scene the difference that melts , when before modernist school arising, western scenery drawing since classical go to impressionist and Chinese drawing the same in excavation scenery real Di, but western scenery draws , is to have not warped substantially for depicting yes in natural scenery on certain meaning; And Chinese landscape painting warps at the beginning substantially, have not written realistically the process of doctrine, because it is not as necessary as this one.The architect of the West is scholar, China make garden though also have architect to be completed , but they are craftsman , are not scholar , will so have scholar when making garden to participate. The participation of scholar is thorough, because if a Chinese garden has no Ying unite horizontal inscribed board, it is not a complete garden. Say from foundation, the garden form of China takes as the West since natural form, Chinese garden basically main points is also to complete the structure of scenery, will know what is Huang Shi Shan to pile up , how lake stone mountain piles up , how reason the very specific form problems such as water. But here, the goal of pursuit is not this, see whether " the place of a winding path leading to a secluded spot, Buddhist room flowers and trees deepen ". See here whether make " village raw dawn dream fan and butterfly, hope emperor desire for love to hold cuckoo ". In a word, Chinese garden is sentimental place.Actually, isn't garden sentimental outcome from foundation? The earliest most basic two big gardens on world prototype is Chinese garden and this wave garden, and Chinese and this wave person also only produce the two big nations of poet in early stage, is this coincidence only?Japanese andSay eastern garden , must mention Japan,General , the traditional garden of Japan has been thought generally that is more abstract than China. Actually if we change a train of thought, will feel that it is direct that Japanese garden will have elephant on the contrary somewhat, because its symbol symbolizes , are too specific. Japanese garden form form, especially in the aspect of the relation of building and garden, being similar with the West, it has no those overallness of China , but is relatively independent structure. The "clumsy" expression of Japanese when thought hold work and tactic simple go up, the Japanese garden of representative is simplified highly, from simplify to hold work go to clumsy process and China again from skilful raw clumsy process is the same, on the attitude and orientation distinguished to lie in feelings, the influence of Buddhist ideological arising of the Buddhism of this respect is very deep. On each detail, Japanese also as far as possible the original quality that have maintained material , is according to own understanding will their each or group incorporate the, highly easier natural picture type of concept that happens into conception. Chinese does not mind this kind of picture type , and minds complete realistic environment with it whether the room that has fantasy. What Chinese pursues in garden is the relax of body and mind, this is consistent with westerner, and it is pursuing the experience of body and mind that Japanese seems.The Beihai park of Beijing. Water and the mountain of here though is artificial behavior delivers , but so big lake surface and massif are also sufficient to have been been regard as natural view , because of architectural intervention, the nature of here has occured basic change. In China, no matter being the imperial garden of big yardstick, it is still the personal home forest of little yardstick, we can not point at certificate building clearly and garden actually who subordinate who, they are a whole. Naturally since architectural integration does not be natural , this and part that has become scene garden also open Japanese garden difference and the natural scenery type gardens of Britain and Chinese garden.6 , presentRein Nuo the design on topography with type of flat show that starts specially has offered the stage of imagination and operation, have also offered for structure design and the land design of big yardstick to rely on. No matter afterwards design how to carry out change on plane , how to try new composition, will still follow even as the composition of modernism to rein Nuo is the order essence of composition specially.Now, many adoptions and the city green land of big yardstick rein Nuo the form of special type and British natural scenery type garden, square adopts the former more. When rein in Nuo special type type, the city of considerable quantity has adopted the form of natural scenery type garden, but general on detail practice than early form want more rule is whole somewhat, it is more artificial somewhat , and makes it have got architectural element and background with large scale public building, function aspect also improves more. Picture is German Munich Olympic center.Though as this, but stillThe central government of New York. It is more serious that too original appearance not only pulls the big problem of public order with the contrast of modern city. In modern central government, rule melts , artificial area is growing , in grove, it is neat lawn, on lawn, put some modern sculptures.Now, the garden form of Chinese tradition , the garden essential factor of how to include tradition the biggest problem that is faced with is to cut into modern space structure, this does want disaster than natural scenery type garden more, the too simple practice of technology can not solve problem. Picture is the rockery stone of a pile in a green land of Hong Kong that man-days builds , he seemingly brings to city do not come Shi not natural breath, is a kind of adornment , and is still possible to let one feel , is incompatible with city whole.This 2 pictures are the two scene garden works of Hong Kong. From their flat expression force, we may pay attention , have the modern only , odd form can not produce style. Style is not the pursuit for form for the pursuit of soul, this do not be designer really relatively, designer has and considers the factor besides vision.7, closeThere is always a kind of special sense of pride as the time that a Chinese talks about scene garden , at the same time, there is also a kind of special heavy sense. Ancestors have left a especially beautiful land for us , have also left the scene horticulture technique that not settled frequently , have left deep thought more. They set up with few cloisters and some of olds , some pieces of hard rocks can build Gou the garden in a downtown; Some of waterways and some of little bridges can build Gou a garden little city; Few between Mao Peng , some rows of is short Li can build Gou a fictitious land of peace; The bamboo pavilion and some of monk houses of few points can make nature become a huge scene garden. In Chinese traditional culture at least, the content of half produces in these places, these contents again makes these places become more, more beautiful conversely. But today, these are historical only.However, I do not want to sigh blindly, for history we already can not do what , but what we may change is present situation. For whether the historical writing pulse of be long spreads , I hold optimistic attitude throughout. As how to blend in history modern space, this is not that one can be solved to a night, is also not that 1 or 2 persons can be completed , this needs have the joint efforts of Chinese that designer even has. This is also that I write the genuine purpose of this article.