Chinese garden classification research is general to state

MakeThis text is taking history as main line, from artistic angle, according to different classification method carry out classification. Divide into Chinese garden from subordinating relation emphatically imperial garden, personal home forest, temple sight garden and tomb sleep garden, and mainly with personal home forest as it discusses , is more overall to have elaborated the general situation of Chinese garden classification research. Keyword:The Chinese gardenChinese garden is , is taking natural scenery as theme thought, is taking flowers and trees, water stone and architectural etc. as material means, it is let that in limited space, creation makes vision to have no , it has the environment of high natural spiritual extent reached.Chinese garden is the essential part that gathers the arts such as building, painting and calligraphy, literature and horticulture as poem as drawing. It Yin have gone to the West garden those obvious artificial Indian mark left regardless of building or the trees image of flower bed , have also abandoned Japanese garden those blindly weak Ran " withered scenery", and embody a kind of imitation nature and artistic means again the perfect extent reached of not outside dew.Chinese garden history is long , is of long standing. It starts to begin from business week times is limited. Limited is business week king is used to plant and put to raise birds and beasts to let hunting swims happy place, it has production, fishing and hunting and farming simultaneously to do , swim the various functions such as reward and recuperation, may make a kind of natural scenery garden finally. Development is to Spring and Autumn Period , this kind of natural scenery garden begins to make garden change to man-days gradually, right now not only, garden matter is prosperous, and garden also becomes the artificial garden on genuine meaning since " original " unclothe fetus in state, make garden live from production to move towards art. Qin Han period, garden has begun to arouse all artificial factors and then make second nature, scale is big , has many quantities and gorgeous scenes , and also quite has show on theme and the ideological implied meaning of garden overall and internal landscape to make rubbing. Right now, rich business big merchant also begins to invest in garden , marks the arising of personal home forest. Have arrived Wei enter period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, since society is upheaval and politics have no look over , promote to hair people for the wild love of idyllic village and the natural mountain forest besides detached thing and pursuit, so, have caused the new development of natural scenery garden. Garden landscape also no longer only is objective to appreciate object, and become the spiritual embodiment of garden God melt with the thing of feelings form. East enters period, the trend of Chinese painting in garden shows more. The pursuit of garden for artistic conception also already and the pursuit for natural America is also important, view good bad already not when it numerous letter is thick and weak or is alike in spirit to be similar in appearance , and it is expensive to mind foot. At the same time, in this period, have also arisen plenty of temple sight gardens. Tang Song is the another peak of Chinese ancient garden artistic development in period. The garden of Chinese painting started by scholar passes the development of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, also reach until this period become. Right now not only, have arisen a lot famous garden of Chinese painting , have at the same time also arisen many famous garden artist , and have produced corresponding garden theory and book. Clear clear period, Chinese garden art has become melt boundary, it is more and more rich to make garden thought, it is also more and more ingenious to make garden tactic, and have reached the extent reached that very much ripens.Thus it can be seen, as dynasty replace , Chinese garden has formed own unique artistic style gradually , and has produced different type. We may divide according to its different classification method is is as follows:One , according to its subordinate1. ImperialImperial garden belongs to emperorImperial garden is a important composition part of imperial living environment, thus it has reflected the consciousness of imperial power of feudal ruling class , has embodied imperial power to your idea, but it for nature attitude incline in the imperial manner overrided on nature. The artificial breath of imperial garden is strong , often gets victory with artificial America, naturally, America holds less important location only.Imperial garden covers an area of area is greater, scale is grand , will have the concentration of famous tourist site, temple and the residence of representative frequently and reappears in garden. Command whole garden normally with main building as composition center, construct to be on control position frequently, yardstick is greater, relatively serious , has splendid color. The example of area ratio that garden building takes in garden is lower, adopt " scatter , little concentration " to become the layout way of group in groups, south north is more to axle symmetry, at will arrangement is more few. Is other, the landscape of each scenic spot often cannot depart from building, add details, replenish, cut out and decorate natural scenery with architectural form America.2. PersonalIt is privately owned that personal home forest belongs to the places such as the nobility, noble, landlord, rich business as well as scholar doctor besides emperor in, ancient books calls garden, garden pavilion and garden Shu , pool house, mountain pool, mountain villa, villa and other field.Personal home forest is constructed mostly by scholar and painter design, thus its attitude for nature shows the philosophy ideological and artistic good taste of scholar doctor stratum mainly. Since receive Yin the influence of ease thought, the style shown by it is simple, graceful, fine and cordial.Personal home forest many places the land of town, layout takes introvert type frequently, surround in certain scope to suit , construct meticulously, as them with hall hall for the main building in garden, scenery is compact and changeful , uses wall , Yuan , the partitions such as leakage window and corridor space, big and small space primary and secondary are distinct , between density appearance , mutual contrast, forming have the change of rhythm, they view and admire route frequently with many strips to contact , road outflanks is curved, on major road, often building have winding corridor and pool water in order to assemble mainly with minute, form deep interest for assisting , adopting anomalous form mostly and making water surface permeate mutually with bridge and island etc..Personal home forest has limited space generally speaking, scale is less and more than imperial garden , and can not enclose natural scenery in garden, in have so formed little see is big , dig land is mountain for pool and the stone of layer upon layer, create graceful natural scenery artistic conception , make the property with rich and colorful garden tactic.3. TempleTemple sight garden the affiliatedThe style feature of temple sight garden is rational and beautiful, its arising is opened up for the landscape form that garden landscape influences entire garden art for comprehension and the rational exploration of elephant, it has also created some other characteristics and has produced influence for the following garden creation.Temple sight garden may divide into 3 kinds of type: One is temple sight outside garden, when temple sight periphery manages scenery graceful natural landscape, form it is taking the very temple sight as main garden. 2 is temple sight internal garden forestation. 3 is in temple sight or a side builds independent garden.The characteristic of temple sight garden: One is the privately ownedness that temple sight garden has certain publicness and is different from imperial garden and personal home forest. Temple sight for masses of pilgrim, visitor and believer open. 2 is that temple sight garden has the continuity stabilized comparatively. 3 is that temple sight garden optional location has the adaptability than winner , is paid attention to normally according to local conditions, win because of tendency , select the famous scenic spot of historic site and the graceful well-known mountain big river of natural environment mostly. 4 is the forestation of exquisite internal garden. 5 is to emphasize the spiritual aesthetic function of unbiased dust custom.4. TombTomb sleeps garden is burial ancestor , memorial ancestor realization avoids murder for lucky purpose the garden of and special construction. Chinese ancient society, go up is to emperor , take off to reach your officer person, business has big merchant, pay attention to tomb all seriously to sleep garden. Tomb sleeps garden includes underground to sleep palace , construct on the ground and its periphery environment.Tomb sleeps garden is the emperor of past dynasties according to " matter dies give birth as matter, matter dies store as matter " courtesy system principle builds , namely the imitation construction of imperial palace. When tomb sleeps around has massive cemetery , characteristic is that earth is tomb , has uniform program, optional location repairs tomb exquisite geomantic omen, cemetery scale is grand, architectural crowd concentrate , it is obvious that courtyard level rises and falls and rises and falls , in layout careful study, axle is symmetrical. Overall observation is magnificent, grand, solemn, solemn.2 , according to its geographical1. ArtificialArtificial scenery garden digs water body and pile on level ground to build rockery , found scenery landform artificially , match plant and construct camp with flowers and trees Gou, draw back natural scenery scenery to move imitate in a little scope. This kind of garden constructs when smooth on the ground, You in cities and towns is in the majority , their scale arrives since childhood is big, the content that includes also corresponding arrive by letter is numerous.Artificial scenery garden make garden essential factor, constructing is from artificial construction is self-evident, even scenery landform, it is artificial to also stem from , flowers and trees are artificial plantations completely, birds and beasts are also artificial domestications. Therefore make the objective restriction condition received by garden seldom, the creativity of person have the performance of high limit. It make garden tactic is rich and colorful, is can most represent a type of the Chinese artistic achievement of classic garden.2. NaturalThe mountain wild scenery region established as natural scenery garden in urban suburb or outer suburb includes scenery garden, the garden of mountainous region and water scene garden. Scale is little to be using part or the part of natural scenery to build garden base address, scale big enclose complete natural scenery vegetation environment to surround action builds garden base address, match again then using original animals and plants so as the architectural camp and birds and beasts of flowers and trees that man-days breeds Gou. The original landform of base address since snobbery Dao make proper adjustment, transformation and processing.3 and otherChinese garden returns may according to its campaign object minute is the scenery with public sight-seeing nature famous tourist site garden and temple garden and pure belong to the emperor palace of privately owned nature Yuan , personal home forest. According to its region, partition is north style , the style of south bank of Long River and the south style of mountain range. However these types since belong to in principle still for the first kind of classification method - - according to subordinate relation minute. From preceding classification type we may find out that Chinese classic garden divides into imperial garden, personal home forest and temple garden mainly still. Downstairs, we will come with personal home forest for example to narrate the classification of Chinese garden further:1. PersonalPersonal home forest when Chinese generation has sent its end. But right now it though from palace in Yuan system separate , break up , can not belong to in non palace Yuan system, can only form for palace Yuan the subsystem that has surely independent value in system. Thus Chinese acting personal home forest not only has very few numbers , and does not have the afterwards personal typical feature of home forest. Right now masterpiece have Mao the rabbit gardens of tomb Yuan Guang Han and Liu Wu and the house garden of Dong Zhong Shu.When Wei , enter period, since Yin the interest of wind and appreciation nature of ease has affected social upper levels, build therefore Gou personal home forest is its chain reaction. Stone Chong when Luo positive golden grain garden is typical example. Golden grain garden shape rises and falls , and face river and build. It draws the water of golden grain ravine to form river ravine feasible tourist boat and the water scene in garden , person takes bank side and may fish , bank side poplar and willow are depended on , and have numerous trees disposition.Have gone to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it is flaming to build the wind of garden. Major expression is in the aspect of following 3: One is palace Yuan spread all over capital and its week suburb, 2 is temple sight garden plenty of appearances. If famous pay a debt of gratitude temple and dragon China temple , catch up holy temple. 3 is and palace Yuan , the residence garden with at the same time corresponding temple - - is the nobility mainly , the garden of noble appears more densely in the North and south bank of Long River, they often interlock with temple together, but in the aspect of artistic style and palace Yuan comparison is close.When Tang generation, there are a lot famous residence garden, often for famous scholar have as Wang Wei Wang river other field, the noon bridge village of Pei Du and the flat spring mountain villa of Li De Yu. Wang river other field, it is the natural garden of mountainous region that has the victory of lake water , it has absorbed poem feelings in making garden to draw Yi artistic conception, meticulously arrangement, form the garden wonderful scenery the natural beauty of lakes and mountains and garden fully using natural condition, also have poet put forth effort to depict , make Wang river other field is everywhere absorbing, linger on just like the roll of landscape painting that one grows , it is graceful and unconventionally graceful , endures person to think over , has natural good taste , poem feelings draw Yi. Mountain villa and the villas of Wang Wei and Li De Yu belong to the famous personal domestic big garden on Chinese garden history , they still reserve on scale, have the shadow with limited garden. Additionally, right now, have still arisen some famous personal gardens of wife and children, is easy as white house when Lu the mountain rough hall built.Since Tang generation afterwards, personal home forest like bamboo after a spring rain emerge in large quantities. Develop clear clear period, personal home forest has spread all over nation-wide every place, it even also has the personal home forest of considerable quantity in some areas inhabited by minority nationalitieses , has also formed south bank of Long River and north at the same time eventually , the 3 south square style vessels of mountain range of the earth Shi 100 flower compete gorgeous situation.2. The 3 square2.1. The gardenOn the south bank of Long River, garden is so as open pool to build the natural type scenery scenery garden mainly with mountain. As it, is linked with house, submit introvert form, environment stops up , is nearly impossible to get open field of vision and is good to borrow scene condition, in garden, architectural proportion is also greater, density reaches 30% frequently more, on the south bank of Long River, the nature that garden advocates is created again via art, the personality that has permeated social ethics morals feelings is natural as melting , is " is though made by person, Wan open from day " " artificial nature ".On the south bank of Long River, there are many kinds of the garden mountain stone material of layer upon layer, ether lake stone and yellow stone two big kinds mainly. Stone use quantity greatly, large scale rockery stone is more than earth, nearly completely, the stone of layer upon layer becomes small-sized rockery. Can emulate the momentum of train of thought of mountain, make the mound gully and hole residence cliff of ridges and peaks , bent bank stone Ji, or one of emulation mountain angle wound is flat hillock little slope, or the protective screen as space, or break up to set up , or lean on wall and it is wall mountain etc. and tactic many shapes to build , skill is excellent. On the south bank of Long River, climate is mild and moist , the growth of flowers and trees is good, kind is numerous. Garden plant is fallen leaves mainly, coordination some are frequently green to set up , and then are assisted with Chinese wistaria, bamboo and banana , rough colored etc. form the keynote of plant disposition, and can form the scenery with different four seasons fully using the seasoning of the growth of flowers and trees. Flowers and trees also often is the theme garden building viewed and admired names frequently with around flowers and trees. Still exquisite trees lonely plant and clump the drawing planted Yi operation, especially, the protection of emphasis ancient tree well-known wood uses. Garden building is creative source with the highly developed nongovernmental building of south bank of Long River of native soil, from it, draw essential part. The garden architectural refinement of Suzhou that region folk constructs for Su Nan. Raise the traffic condition of land and water that state uses superiority , receive and save simultaneously local Wan south and even north melts Rou, thus architectural form and its many shapes are rich. On the south bank of Long River, garden architectural individual image is delicate and lithe , have a kind of gentle and lovely disposition. Besides indoor, space is coherent and thorough , dew clear wooden component decoration is black for reddish brown, grey brick green tile, white whitewashes a wall Yuan match with the garden landscape of the water stone composition of flowers and trees, can show a kind of indifferent refined have if water ink exaggerates the art of drawing style. It shows very fine technology level that wooden fit up, furniture, various brick vultures, wooden vulture, leakage window, hole door and signboard unite and spend street to cover the ground. There are various kinds of garden spaces in garden: Pure scenery space, mountain stone and building surround the garden space, courtyard and space joined , even courtyard angle, corridor side and wall side also make very little space, break up to plant flowers and trees , match with summit stone, form lovingly pathetic little scene. Because of garden space many shapes and have change, organize scene for watching group scene surely and moving to watch as well as have created more condition for scene, frame scene and thorough scene. Is natural, garden in general, it is also some, also a lot of to flow in excessively trifling condition.The garden of south bank of Long River so as raise state, Wuxi, Suzhou, lake state and Shanghai , the frequently cooked cities such as Nanjing mainly, in which again with Suzhou , raise state is most famous, also having have representative.2.1, 1 raisesRaise state win with well-known garden, well-known garden with the stone victory of layer upon layer. It is famous to raise state garden in order to have the rockery of four seasons of local characteristic, its scenery is innocent for flat place to see , though has no the big water of high mountain , and is winding and appropriate , rising and falling have to deliver , Zuo so as is graceful and lithe to name , it is big to be able to see in little place, in letter, it is numerous to reside , Yun Ji many looks. Its masterpiece for the Ming Dynasty Xiu a garden and the thin west lake of garden and clear generation of garden, shadow garden and 5 mus etc..Xiu garden Xiu garden in the new city bridge side of running water, original for Song Dai Zhu the former site of garden, cover an area of 50 mus , is a large scale residence garden. Xiu garden gets victory with the scene of scenery. Scenery is intermittent to run through whole garden, though, do not divide definite scenic spot, but landscape change is compared , it is far to preserve the letter of Song Yuan yet , sparse light characteristic. Its group scene also such as technique of painting, do not remain it Kuang not You, do not be all right it neglects is not dense , do not see simple not writing, it is to manage according to the drawing of scenery and enters scene with drawing. In garden, there are few buildings but have begun to link the practice of scenic spot with the string of covered corridor.Shadow garden shadow garden grows the south end of island in the moat besides old city wall - - south lake, from at that time famous make garden family livelihood into management design and construction, make horticulture technique to pawn to belong to high order. The area of shadow garden is very little , has only 5 mus probably around, optional location is good. It is taking a pond as center , has island in lake( south lake), in island, it has the general layout of pool, the water scene besides garden in garden foolish Ran one body. Leaning the pile of east side the earth stone rockery built separates the block of city wall as continuous main mountain, the guest of north side mountain the less circle wall that replaces garden , other both sides drive completely open in order to receive garden outside far and near scenery borrow scene. In garden, trees flowers is lush , becomes scene with plant, since still drawing , various birds perch , building is sparse and light and is simple, there is different function each. In a word, the whole of this garden are indifferent and refined , so as win less is many, with letter victory, it is numerous, claim " summary becomes is little to build , solicit grand sight enough. "Garden garden is raising Dong Guan Street of state new city , Qing Jia celebrates the big salt of 23 years business Huang Ying Tai uses useless garden the former site of " life Zhi garden " establishes.Garden covers an area of probably 0.6 hectares, receive tightly the back of and residence residence. From residence " 9 lanes" enter a head-on old tree of Chinese wistaria, on day, thick shady circle land and time feel fresh. Toward forward left-hand rotation by two layers, it is garden door to answer corridor. Before door, grow around both side fully to repair bamboo , between bamboo, break up to put uneven stalagmite , symbolize the meaning of " bamboo after a spring rain ". Into door, have skirted the protective screen of the small-sized rockery stone of layer upon layer, reach the main hall of garden " sweet-scented osmanthus hall". The south clump of hall plants sweet-scented osmanthus, the north of hall is pond, pond revetment is the practice of lake stone hole. The north side of pond, build building along the north wall of garden one drives 7. It may look down at the scene of whole garden if two ends mount building each with the big rockery that covered corridor joins in building two side. The west side of building is the stone big rockery of Taihu Lake, its offshoot extends a little before going building, the huge sympathy of building proper block separates. Big rockery uses 6 meters of stone pile contract of Taihu Lake of layer upon layer completely. The eastern side of building piles up for Huang Shi the big rockery of layer upon layer, ask 7 meters high, the highest peak in the middle, the summit arch row of two side becomes the tendency of dynasty part. Between the southeast corner of garden builds to put 3 open the hall " let in air to leak month ", hall side has a tall and big broad yulan, east is the Taiwan of herbaceous peony. Hall before is the half little garden enclosed , courtyard along the wall pile snow stone rockery of layer upon layer.A garden is folded with rockery pile and is well-known and again momentary , " raise state gaily-painted pleasure-boat record " claim " raise state with garden pavilion victory, garden pavilion with fold stone victory ", the rockery of garden is illustration. The conception of garden is rather unusual, it adopts to divide summit , with the method of stone, have created the rockery of four seasons that symbolizes the scenery of four seasons , this is really unique example in classic garden. Divide the plant disposition that summit again combines with stone in difference: Spring scene is the stone mountain and pine of Taihu Lake with bamboo and summer scene for stalagmite, autumnal scenery not uses plant for Huang Shi Shan and the snow stone of cypress and winter scene in order to symbolize that desert is sparse and cold. In them have shown scenery with the image of three-dimensional space to" draw theory" summarize " spring mountain is happy and weak such as smile, in summer, it is dark green and as drop, in autumn, mountain is clean and as make-up, eastern mountain is gloomy if sleep ", as well as the drawing of " spring mountain suitable swim , summer mountain suitable see , autumn mountain suitable mount , winter mountain suitable house " is managed. This 4 groups of rockery encircles in four weeks of garden, from winter mountain through wall Yuan go up wall hole may again see spring with day scene, implied meaning throughout the year , go round and round , though, midwinter is fallen due , spring soon, have so created for garden a kind of is novel , endure the artistic conception that person thinks over.2.1, 2 SuzhouSuzhou garden is preserving person number today at most , and it is also complete. Suzhou garden belongs to scholar and bureaucrat , land major makes person to be in the majority , the scholar who maintains legitimism basically flows out garden style, unique most are densely covered for residence garden in city, few are built in nearby small towns. The artistic characteristic of Suzhou garden is small and exquisite, free, fine, graceful. Its masterpiece is clumsy Zheng garden , reserve garden, net teacher garden and ring Xiu mountain villa.Clumsy Zheng garden clumsy Zheng garden when Lou between even 2 northeast street, clear praiseworthy celebrate Wang Xian Chen because of big Hong Si uselessly camp villa, it is the beginning of this garden.Clumsy Zheng garden covers an area of 4.1 hectares, it is a large scale residence garden. Clumsy Zheng layout theme of garden is is taking water as center. Pool water area takes the 3/5 of gross area approximately, constructing mainly face water very likely all and build. In garden, may divide , west and east 3, central section clumsy Zheng garden department this garden major part, west is mend garden, east for clear king center - - goes back to idyllic house. The far fragrant hall of central section is the major building of this garden , is also the main scene of whole garden, it is single eaves rests mountain surface rich 3 all sides hall, besides hall, lotus fragrant perfume overflows to settle , therefore is so called as fragrant hall. To far fragrant hall, look north , have thing two islands evidently in a pool bluish green water, on eastern island, remain frost pavilion, deft if fly , depository does not be shown , take Tang acting poet Wei should thing the poetic flavor of " hole yard must treat fully forest frost " is well-known. West island goes up have snow fragrant cloud Wei pavilion and lotus wind all sides pavilion, snow fragrant cloud Wei pavilion structure is plain and grace , proper steady, around time plants maple, willow and pine , bamboo delivers appearance shine. Pavilion goes up have the Ming Dynasty painter Ni Yuan Lu book the problem volume of between " mountain colored wild bird ", both side, the companion of stone pillar solicits a antithetical couplet of clear letter with writing; " cicada clamours forest recovers is quiet, bird ringing mountain more You ". This pavilion is located in the highest place of island, again hold the center of garden, house is faced high, echo at a distance with far fragrant hall, mutual is is for scene. Clumsy in Zheng garden besides eastern, 2 west islands, in the north half department pool water of west garden, also holding have a island, have on island sit together with whom Xuan, superficial green cabinet , Li the different forms such as pavilion garden building, view is rich and colorful. Clumsy Zheng the 3 island cloth rows in the water surface of garden 3/5, have played the part of to cut the role of water surface and rich landscape apart , have formed mountain because of water work, water quite has the quiet and beautiful, optimistic, clear quiet natural flavor of mountain forest with the artistic conception that mountain turns. In a word, it is one the scenery garden which is puting water above everything else.Net teacher garden net teacher garden in Suzhou city southeast rich domestic first lane, between beginning builds in south Song Shao to develop year, the garden host at that time is wait upon Lang-Shi-Zheng-Zhi, garden name " fishing Yin ". It is afterwards few to abandon by mood. It is had that -Qing-Dai-Qian-Long goes back to Song Zong Yuan in year, rename " net teacher garden". Net teacher fishing Yin, still contain fishing Yin original idea, boost Yin ease is noble-minded. Light between Xu year, garden host big bureaucrat again adds construction again and becomes the scale of today.Net teacher garden undertakes Kuo face to flow , trees clump Wei, quite have half village half Kuo Qu. It covers an area of 0.4 hectares , is a medium-sized residence garden closelied neighbor in residence residence west side. Residence residence possesses 4 into courtyard, enter strong hall first and is second to be outside residence into big drawing room, 3th enters " Xie Xiu building " entering with 4th" 5 summit bookstores" is residence. Garden door is set up after the strong hall entered first , the brick on door volume carves " net teacher little build " 4 words, outside residence enters garden by this door. Another garden door sets up in residence west side, let garden host and dependant discrepancy.The plane summary of garden becomes T-shaped shape, its main part is central in the middle, with a pond, building and sight-seeing route are arranged along little pool four weeks. The area of pond is not large , only 400 flat meters controls. Pool bank slightly near square but complications have to deliver , revetment chooses with Huang Shi to build or fold for stone Ji, between it goes up plant bush and climb to aid plant, oblique loose branch is some, have shown a style of natural water scene wild Qu. The space of entire garden is arranged to adopt the tactic that God and supplement compare , main scenic spot is also the main space of whole garden, when its around arrangement some less supplementary spaces, form the general layout of many star arch month. The program design of net teacher garden also quite has the place of originality on yardstick handling. As the little arched bridge of pond southeast water end, reduce size intentionally so as serve as a foil to both side the momentum of rockery; Huang Shi of small and exquisite pond eastern bank pile layer upon layer rockery, Yi when weaken its rear too tall and big white properly to whitewash a wall Yuan the yardstick imbalance caused. The building of net teacher garden is as high as 30% , but stay main scenic spot, have no limited the sense of architectural space, otherwise, can realize the upright vitality of a style nature water scene.The 2.2 southThe earliest south garden of mountain range may go up trace back south Han " immortal lake", its a group of water stone scene" medicine continent" remain yet so far. Settle the economic more developed, cultural level raising of the first south region of mountain range, personal home makes garden campaign to begin prosperity , gradual influence and tide Shan , the places such as Fujian and Taiwan. Until clear middle period , become prosperous day by day , form own characteristic gradually in the aspect of the disposition of flowers and trees, space organization, water stone utilization and the layout of garden , emerge suddenly at last and become with south bank of Long River and north vessel Shi the one of 3 square style of the earth. Obey Dong Guan and Qing Hui Yuan of virtue may garden and Yu the beam of the mountain room and Buddha mountain of blessings left to child garden claims to be Yue in 4 name garden, they are complete to preserve , may the masterpiece that is regard as the south garden of mountain range article. In which with the mountain room of blessings left to child, it is most famous.The mountain room mountain room of blessings left to child of blessings left to child exquisiteness is unique. 2 antithetical couplets " 3 room bow red rain foots, shady day a angle green cloud deepens " inscribe make. The overall layout of the mountain room of blessings left to child has the pond of characteristic and two rule plastic forms very much to stand side by side to form the rule whole geometry shape of water yard and pond, get the influence of western garden. Its some garden short artistic creations are rich as the vulture decorations such as fence and building, You Yi Mu carves , brick vulture and grey vulture are most fine. The dew of major hall hall is acted as on clear frame with the coherent vulture of flowers and trees , is sought as 100 beast pictures and 100 sons , the subject many shapes such as 100 bird dynasty phoenixes. Total look , architectural body quantity is huge slightly. Its building is extremely exquisite. In garden no matter flower bed, wall, step and ground have carving pattern , are meticulous and simple but in good taste , it is delicate may article.The south garden of mountain range is the combination of garden and garden mainly with residence garden. It is jagged that the mountain of layer upon layer uses attitude frequently , chapped fold numerous dense Britain stone pack to mount the so-called skill France of " mould stone " , attitude and the plasticity winner of mountain body are rich, have the image with smooth water cloud. Around when coastal is also common to use stone egg and the stone mountain of coral reef of layer upon layer, it is distinctive. The small-sized stone of layer upon layer and yardstick and the water department that becomes small-sized water body are cordial graceful many looks. The square whole geometry form of few pond is the influence that gets western garden. Garden building since climate scorching necessary consideration natural ventilation, reason image goes up know thorough drive open more prevail against south bank of Long River, is good with fit up, sculpture and thin wooden vulture work. The south of mountain range land place subtropical zone, the kind of ornamental plant is numerous, in garden throughout the year, it is colored group brocade cluster , green Yin is fresh green, it is pleasant that old banyan massively covers the effect of shady and cool of sheltering. Garden in general, requirement ventilates good certainly will increase indoor altitude , thus building body quantity is big, it is clogged up that building again so shows comparatively slightly, deep You Ao surplus and optimistic sense is insufficient.The south garden land of mountain range near Macau and Guangzhou, again is Yue the place of Customs, contact Western civilization may be called general mood first, garden gets the influence of the West, will be also more somewhat. It is not only some and local wait with the practice of detail with carved glass as the chromatography glass of Western import and the stone fence of Western type, even the program layout of a few of gardens can see European rule whole type garden imitate to imitate sign.2.3 northBeijing is that north makes the center of garden campaign, the Beijing personal domestic camp garden of this period , than the Ming Dynasty have had with Qing Chu invariably and. The residence garden construction that scatters in Beijing internal and external city has certain scale in this period, record estimate according to relevant document to be approximately 1560, it is 560 that preservation has until 50 decade, in which do not include Wang Fu yet garden and the garden of guild hall in. Wang Fu garden is a special classification of north personal home forest, as their scale than residence garden, big, rule system also has difference slightly. Personal home forest and the content of the garden of guild hall are indifferent.North climate is cold, construct form to enclose relatively , is massive, garden building does not also have a kind of vigorous America. Beijing is emperor , personal home forest many is your Qi bureaucrat has , layout is hard to avoid to emphasize the expression of instrument ceremony, thus on program, using axis use stone than many mountains of layer upon layer, is the local green stone produced and the north stone of Taihu Lake mainly, the pile skill law of layer upon layer also belongs to honest style. Plant culture is bullied the influence of time, in winter, leaf falls , water surface freezes , has the sense of desolate cold forest very much. The axis of regular layout , is more for scene line utilization, certainly, also give garden with more honest dense personality. Comparison famous a mu garden , Tsinghua garden and spoon garden , Cheng virtue is away for the summer mountain villa.Tsinghua garden Tsinghua garden is in the north side of Haidian town. Garden host is Li Wei. Tsinghua garden is that a water surface with water surface as main water scene garden is main water scene garden and water surface, is former lake with island and the separation of sea wall , two parts of rear lake. Major building is arranged by and large in depth according to the axis in south north. The mountain of layer upon layer in garden, besides earth mountain, the famous and precious mountain stone material of use in which has to produce , is from south bank of Long River , the image of mountain is odd and skilful , has hole gully , also has waterfall. Plant disposition is more as aspect and flowers big flat plant , most undertake great reputation with tree peony and bamboo at that time. Garden building has hall, hall, building, Taiwan, pavilion, cabinet, pavilion, corridor and bridge, form many shapes, the decoration vulture decorations of colored drawing are splendid. Tsinghua garden scale is magnificent, scenery is beautiful.Spoon garden spoon garden is in the east side of Tsinghua , lower reaches. Between establish probably in 10 thousand over the years, is late than Tsinghua garden slightly. Garden host for rice the clock of 10 thousand. Spoon garden is less than Tsinghua garden, building also compares simple neglect is light. Spoon garden though when scale and rich beautiful aspect than do not go up Tsinghua garden, but it make horticulture technique level is slightly better than the latter. The overall planning of spoon garden stresses when garden water becomes scene, water is theme of garden. It is also a water scene garden. Use sea wall and bridge will water surface separation is a lot of levels, the ring water of sea wall the situation held , building disposition forms a lot of scenic spots of each characteristic into some crowd groups, with local topography and plant disposition. Contact for it between each scenic spot with waterway, stone way, bent bridge and corridor. Building appearance is simple, very picture the people house of Zhejiang countryside.Is away for the summer mountain villa is away for the summer mountain villa is located in Hebei Cheng the west bank of 5 virtue strong rivers, cover an area of 560 hectares , is a large scale natural scenery garden. Lofty mountains, lakes and the plain in garden 3 foots stand tall cloth row; The ridges and peaks of lofty mountains rises and falls , mountain shape is graceful, though not quite Gao Jun quite has momentum; Plain imitates to squeeze in north grassland; Lake district just like the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The view beyond the Great Wall and of south bank of Long River, the victory of well-known mountain big river general collect in a garden. Garden landscape is to deliver with outstanding natural wind mainly, constructing layout to adopt scatter , the way of little concentration organizes the most of unique architectural concentrations for a lot of little crowd , and then scatters disposition in whole garden. More architectural more vivid comparison is simple and refined , claim " have no to carve Jue-Dan-Ying-Zhi cost , Lin Quan holds the bosom of vegetarian meal " in order to Xie the outlook characteristic adjusted in mountain villa.

From above exposition, may find out that Chinese garden process is long and historical to develop the garden that has formed different type gradually , has also formed different artistic characteristic and make garden tactic, so, have offered historical reference and spiritual cultural artistic conception for the creation development of contemporary garden art.