Challenge and
Though now, the scientific and innovation system of China still has various problems, but it is that other countries can not compare that government transfers the ability of social resource fast. Since 1999, China researches and develops input to increase every year the 1.3% that exceeds 20% and has taken GDP in 2005. December 2006, world goes through join organization to announce that China exceeds Japan for the first time, become world go up after the second big input of research and development after America country.
January 2006, China has established new in the long-term development program of science and technology, have established the prior field of financial aid of coming 15 years , and have set the input of science and technology of 2010 years to take the 2% of GDP , the goal with 2020 reaching 2.5%. On January 9,2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao has put forward the requirement of construction innovation type society in the meeting of science and technology makes a speech. Program is at the same time pointed out , nowadays, China is stern as being faced with to challenge , can only overcome through" autonomous innovation" as energy, resource shortage, environmental pollution and innovation ability difference. " act on one's own to create the reforming and opening up " will and" " , " four modernizations" , " Three Represents" , " harmonious society" is the same, become the symbolic vocabulary of a times.
It has the policy of 25 years to study that senior American policy expert DanisSimon of science and technology of background thinks , " apparently, the system of science and technology of China has entered a important watershed stage, its end will be taken off , but some time still problem ". He has given 4 reasons: It is first , creates the thorough of system thought along with government for unified country, the policy of China becomes more and more mature and open; Second, traditional national plan and the system of adjusting control had been replaced gradually, it is new to sponsor system and Ji effect measure had been established step by step, the research and development of privately owned department and enterprise begins to play more and more big role; 3th and university quality rise apparently; It is 4th, China has quickly studied the pace of system internationalization , establishes the extensive cooperative network of and European, Japanese, American etc. country.
But at the same time, should also see the challenge that China is now faced with. Oregon university political science professor RichardSuttmeier borrows the words with this Di Geng to describe Chinese science , is being in " had better be also most terrible period ". The system of science and technology of China has the problem of system, in which most serious is " so called technical trap ", economic increase and the development of China rely on the technology of transfer greatly, only the Chinese company of 0.03% possesses the intellectual property of its key technology. The development of China will also depend on , how to solve a series of contradiction better, between for instance planned economy and market , research the "hardware" constructions such as infrastructure wait with the "software" of culture and ethics between construction.
Chinese scientific
1. Paper
Publication and reference analysis are to measure a kind of way that a country produces scientifically. Refering to paper quantity, the scientific paper of China has taken from 1995 the 6.5% that world 2% raises until 2004. Cause the reason that article quantity increases sharply a lot, the science and technology that the input of science and technology brings swift development is on the one hand. At the same time, should also see that doctor has been asked to at least publish a article on SCI to graduate , the article of research people publication condition direct and fund application is related with personal award and promotion to unite , this when raising Chinese paper produces quantity at the same time, also cause the appearance of plenty of low quality articles.
Arrive specifically each subject , do not doubt , China is in some fields , wait as material scientific, analysis chemical and rice genome research to have very strong strength. Recent once shows about the analysis of nanometer scientific research that the research in this field of China is next only to America and Japan. Go to every organization of scientific research specifically , have research to discover , Beijing university when the paper reference of physics, chemistry, project, material, mathematics and clinical medical aspect ranks the research organization had by world former 1%, other 5 Chinese universities is at least above 1 , rank the former 1% of world in field.
2. Talent
In 1978, the Chinese graduate who has gone through decade "the Cultural Revolution" again has got the opportunity of taking advanced courses abroad. When between soon afterwards 25 years, the student studying abroad of 700 thousand goes to overseas to study , the most in them stay in America or Europe to work , but in past few years, the student studying abroad of return is more and more. As estimating , the reasons such as the opportunity of business founding of asking the persons of 170 thousand to stem from patriotic, family relation, government encouragement and economic development to bring are returned to China. Thousands upon thousands of student studying abroad founds company after returning to domestic or when academic circle takes charge of important post, and at the same time, keep contact with America or Europe, "brain drain" has been replaced step by step by " talent circulation ".
Only attracting overseas talent to return in large quantities, China has also trained unprecedented in large quantity high quality talent, a most major factor is university expand to recruit. Now, China has the college graduate of 4200 thousand every year, is 20 century the 4 times of middle of 90 decade, in which, great a part of graduate study is scientific , project and IT.
The quality of university is rising , new course had been led into , more outside religion and alternating project had been offered , are more, had been established with the joint center of foreign university, the input of country for university is also increasing. Now, Beijing university and Tsinghua University have entered world former 100 university pop charts, the ranking rising of other 4 or 5 universities is also very rapid.
It is Central
Along with scientific knowledge produce happen and apply more and more globalization, science becomes international career, the cooperative network between scientist is also extended therewith constantly. Sino-British two countries between cooperative increase very quickly, but we should also see that the system of two countries of financial aid not gives together the problem that bilateral cooperation brings. The most of British researches are " from bottom to top " from the dominant of scientist interest, and Chinese government decides greatly that which organization takes financial aid to do what kind of research - - this signifies each province city decision-making person and department of science and technology incline with a lot of the very research organizations do large scale bilateral cooperative project( study center if cooperating ), as is small-sized , the project that research people are leading interest is few some. Relatively other same emphasises " from top to bottom " the country of big project( as France and Germany), Britain in the cooperation with China is in the position of inferior position. This system of financial aid goes up do not match to let Britain look " some lights say do not practice " , this also is majority are interviewed the overall feeling of Chinese. They feel that Britain is good at to organize the bilateral meeting of science and technology very much and is bilateral to exchange , and seldom give scientist or project is material to put in.
Is the further development that promotes the Sino-British scientists of two countries to cooperate , must explore a kind of can will " two countries from top to bottom " sponsor the new system of financial aid pattern with " from bottom to top ". The policymaker of two countries should respect the practice and values of each other, instead of impose own practice in other person. When the both sides of this respect have had some positive measures: British government has signed agreement with the Chinese department of science and technology , supports both sides in the cooperation of energy research, electronic science and technology and zero emission coal technical aspect together.
We think , along with the development of China," act on one's own to create " should create with " the whole world is home ". It is open that this has benefit - - one for China , is extensive, more with the innovation system of globalization, can produce the scientific breakthrough needed by China; At the same time, whole world will be also been benefited from it, whole world needs China in climate change and poverty urgently and disease these possess problem on the technical and creativity quantity with more input.
But point is affirmed: The tens of years in the future
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